Exercise Training positively modulates the Ectonucleotidase Enzymes in Lymphocytes of Metabolic Syndrome Patients

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the cardiovascular risk factors as well as ectonucleotidase activities in lymphocytes of metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients before and after an exercise intervention. 20 MetS patients, who performed regular concurrent exercise training for 30 weeks, 3 times/week, were studied. Anthropometric, biochemical, inflammatory and hepatic parameters and hydrolysis of adenine nucleotides and nucleoside in lymphocytes were collected from patients before and after 15 and 30 weeks of the exercise intervention as well as from participants of the control group. An increase in the hydrolysis of ATP and ADP, and a decrease in adenosine deamination in lymphocytes of MetS patients before the exercise intervention were observed (P<0.001). However, these alterations were reversed by exercise training after 30 weeks of intervention. Additionally, exercise training reduced the inflammatory and hepatic markers to baseline levels after 30 weeks of exercise. Our results clearly indicated alteration in ectonucleotidase enzymes in lymphocytes in the MetS, whereas regular exercise training had a protective effect on the enzymatic alterations and on inflammatory and hepatic parameters, especially if it is performed regularly and for a long period.

Physical fitness modulates the expression of CD39 and CD73 on CD4+ CD25− and CD4+ CD25+ T cells following high intensity interval exercise

“…The increase of ectonucleotidase enzymes in PBMC positively correlated with lower inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and C reactive protein after 30 weeks of exercise training (endurance plus strength exercises) in metabolic syndrome patients. 29 In response to acute exercise, Moritz et al 30 demonstrated higher activity of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/ phosphodiesterase and lower levels of ATP/ADP in the peripheral blood after moderate exercise in young men, suggesting an augment in CD39 activity. However, vigorous exercise did not impact the expression of CD39 in T cells of sedentary and active individuals.…”

Crosstalk between the Purinergic and Immune Systems: Implications for the Glutathione Antioxidant System in Health and Disease

“…Recent studies have also demonstrated the depletion of the GPx and GST enzymes in the liver [100] and heart [101] from rats with MetS. Additionally, Martins et al [102] revealed that subjects with MetS present an increase in NTPDase, 5′-nucleotidase, and NPP activities while decreased ADA activity in platelets. Moreover, an increase in ATP and ADP hydrolysis and a decrease in Ado deamination in lymphocytes of MetS patients were observed [103].…”

“…↓ GPx and GST activities in liver [100] ↑ NTPDase, 5'-NT, and NPP activities in platelets ↓ ADA activity in platelets [102] ↓ GPx and GST activities in the heart ↓ GSH levels in the heart [101] ↑ ATP and ADP hydrolysis in lymphocytes ↓ ADA activity in lymphocytes [103] Diabetes ↓ GPx and GST activities in liver [128] ↑ NTPDase, E-NPP, 5'-NT, and ADA activities in platelets [135] ↓ GST activity in liver [129] ↓ NTPDase activity in the cerebral cortex ↓ A1R and ↑A2R in the cerebral cortex [110] ↑ ATP and ADP hydrolysis and ADA activity in lymphocytes ↑ NTPDase and ADA activities in platelets ↓ ATP and ↑ ADP and AMP hydrolysis in serum [109] Obesity ↓ GPx and GST activities in hepatic and renal tissues ↓ GSH levels in hepatic and renal tissues…”

“…Additionally, Martins et al [102] revealed that subjects with MetS present an increase in NTPDase, 5′-nucleotidase, and NPP activities while decreased ADA activity in platelets. Moreover, an increase in ATP and ADP hydrolysis and a decrease in Ado deamination in lymphocytes of MetS patients were observed [103]. Further, Madec et al [104] showed an increase in the P2X7 purinergic receptor in human adipocytes, which modulates the release of inflammatory cytokines and might contribute to the subclinical inflammatory status found and conferring increased cardiovascular risk.…”

Physical exercise prevents alterations in purinergic system and oxidative status in lipopolysaccharide‐induced sepsis in rats

“…Besides the enzymes, this system also consists of nucleotides (ATP, adenosine diphosphate [ADP], and adenosine monophosphate [AMP]), adenosine, and purinergic receptors (P2X1‐7, P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11, P2Y12, P2Y13, and P2Y14, P1). The enzyme ecto‐NTPDase is responsible for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and ADP to AMP, ecto‐5′nucleotidase hydrolyzes AMP into adenosine, and the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) deaminates adenosine into inosine . One of the main receptors sensitive to ATP is P2X7 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), a member of the P2X superfamily.…”