Exercise Training in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure Improves Endothelial Function Predominantly in the Trained Extremities

Kobayashi, Nobuhiko; Tsuruya, Yoshio; Iwasawa, Takamasa; Ikeda, Nahoko; Hashimoto, Shingo; Yasu, Takanori; Ueba, Hiroto; Kubo, Norifumi; Fujii, Mikihisa; Kawakami, Masanobu; Saito, Muneyasu

doi:10.1253/circj.67.505

Cited by 83 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For instance, routine physical activity has been shown to improve body composition (e.g., through reduced abdominal adiposity and improved weight control), and enhance endothelial function. [139][140][141][142] Chronic inflammation, as indicated by elevated circulating levels of inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein, has been shown to be strongly associated with most of the chronic diseases whose prevention has benefited from exercise. Recent RCTs have shown that exercise training may cause marked reductions in C-reactive protein levels.…”

Section: How Does Physical Activity and Fitness Lead To Improved Healmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence

Warburton¹

2006

Canadian Medical Association Journal

5,828

4,137

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P hysical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a widening variety of other chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cancer (colon and breast), obesity, hypertension, bone and joint diseases (osteoporosis and osteoarthritis), and depression.1-14 The prevalence of physical inactivity (among 51% of adult Canadians) is higher than that of all other modifiable risk factors. 15 In this article we review the current evidence relating to physical activity in the primary and secondary prevention of premature death from any cause, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, some cancers and osteoporosis. We also discuss the evidence relating to physical fitness and musculoskeletal fitness and briefly describe the independent effects of frequency and intensity of physical activity. (A glossary of terms related to the topic appears in Appendix 1). In a companion paper, to be published in the Mar. 28 issue, we will review how to evaluate the healthrelated physical fitness and activity levels of patients and will provide exercise recommendations for health.Several authors have attempted to summarize the evidence in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. These evaluations are often overlapping (reviewing the same evidence). Some of the most commonly cited cohorts have been described in different studies over time as more data accumulate (see Appendix 2, available online at www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/174/6 /801/DC1). In this review, we searched the literature using the key words "physical activity," "health," "health status," "fitness," "exercise," "chronic disease," "mortality" and diseasespecific terms (e.g., "cardiovascular disease," "cancer," "diabetes" and "osteoporosis"). Using our best judgment, we selected individual studies that were frequently included in systematic reviews, consensus statements and meta-analyses and considered them as examples of the best evidence available. We also have included important new findings regarding the relation between physical activity and fitness and allcause and cardiovascular-related mortality. All-cause and cardiovascular-related death Primary preventionSince the seminal work of Morris and colleagues in the 1950s16,17 and the early work of Paffenbarger and colleagues in the 1970s, 18,19 there have been numerous long-term prospective follow-up studies (mainly involving men but more recently women also) that have assessed the relative risk of death from any cause and from specific diseases (e.g., carciovascular disease) associated with physical inactivity. 6,20-26Both men and women who reported increased levels of physical activity and fitness were found to have reductions in relative risk (by about 20%-35% 27,28) of death (see Appendix 2, available at www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/174/6/801/DC1). For example, in a study involving healthy middle-aged men and women followed up for 8 years, the lowest quintiles of physical fitness, as measured on an exercise treadmill, were associated with an increased risk of death from any cause compared with the top quin...

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Section: How Does Physical Activity and Fitness Lead To Improved Healmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence

Warburton¹

2006

Canadian Medical Association Journal

5,828

4,137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, other studies (Chen et al, 1994;Delp and Laughlin, 1997;Clarkson et al, 1999;Minami et al, 2002;Kobayashi et al, 2003;Meyer et al, 2006;) have revealed that aerobic exercise training is very efficient for prevention and for non-pharmacological treatment of these cardiovascular diseases, improving endothelial function and attenuating adrenergic vasoconstrictor response in both healthy individuals and individuals who have this vasomotor response altered. This effect of exercise training observed on arterial vasomotion is very consistent in the scientific community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single bout of moderate-intensity exercise increases vascular NO bioavailability and attenuates adrenergic receptor-dependent and -independent vasoconstrictor response in rat aorta

Bechara

Tanaka

Santos

et al. 2008

J. Smooth Muscle Res.

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The present study investigated the effect of one bout of moderate-intensity exercise on the adrenergic receptor-dependent and -independent vasoconstrictor response in rat aortas, and the role of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability on these vasomotor responses. One group of rats was submitted to a 60 min of exercise at approximately 60% of maximal exercise capacity on a treadmill (exercise group) and the other one was placed in the treadmill without running (control group). Immediately after this period, both groups were euthanized and the thoracic aorta was removed to evaluate the vasoconstrictor response to norepinephrine and potassium chloride, and to evaluate the vascular nitrite and nitrate concentration. One bout of exercise attenuated the maximal contractile response to both norepinephrine and potassium chloride compared to control group. These differences on vascular reactivity were not observed in endothelium-denuded aortic rings and aortic rings pre-incubated with a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor. Additionally, exercise group increased NO bioavailability (nitrite and nitrate concentration) as compared to control group. These results demonstrate that one bout of moderate-intensity exercise is able to attenuate adrenergic receptor-dependent and -independent vasoconstrictor response in rat aorta, mainly by increasing vascular NO bioavailability.

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“…Additionally, exercise was found to also improve the endothelium-dependent function in adults with cardiac failure [12,13] and coronary disease [14,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of l-arginine supplementation on blood pressure reduction pre-, peri-, and post-cardiovascular stimulus in hypertensive subjects with different angiotensin-converting-enzyme genotypes

Malfatti¹,

Pavlak²,

Silva³

et al. 2018

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. The present study investigated whether L-arginine supplementation reduces blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive subjects with different ACE genotypes. Methods. Eight male hypertensive patients received L-arginine (2 or 4 g/day) or a placebo for a period of 4 days prior an exercise test. Statistical analysis consisted of one-way analysis of variance. Results. L-arginine supplementation induced a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in systolic BP measured during rest (reductions of 7.8% and 12.3% with 2 and 4 g/day, respectively), exercise (reductions of 11.8% and 10.4% with 2 and 4 g/day, respectively), and recovery (reductions of 11.7% and 10.7% with 2 and 4 g/day, respectively). The observed magnitude of BP reduction suggests an association with ACE polymorphism; a larger effect was seen with the II and DI genotypes compared with the DD genotype (II: 121 mmHg and DI: 133 mmHg vs. DD: 144 mmHg). Conclusions. The results showed that L-arginine supplementation at low doses was efficient in reducing BP and that vasodilator actions that occurred through the secretion of nitric oxide might be ACE genotype dependent.

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Exercise Training in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure Improves Endothelial Function Predominantly in the Trained Extremities

Cited by 83 publications

References 39 publications

Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence

Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence

A single bout of moderate-intensity exercise increases vascular NO bioavailability and attenuates adrenergic receptor-dependent and -independent vasoconstrictor response in rat aorta

Effects of l-arginine supplementation on blood pressure reduction pre-, peri-, and post-cardiovascular stimulus in hypertensive subjects with different angiotensin-converting-enzyme genotypes

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