Exercise for the management of type 2 diabetes: a review of the evidence

Abstract

The aim is to critically review the more relevant evidence on the interrelationships between exercise and metabolic outcomes. The research questions addressed in the recent specific literature with the most relevant randomized controlled trials, meta-analysis and cohort studies are presented in three domains: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, combined aerobic and resistance exercise. From this review appear that the effects of aerobic exercise are well established, and interventions with more vigorous aerobic exercise programs resulted in greater reductions in HbA 1c , greater increase in VO 2max and greater increase in insulin sensitivity. Considering the available evidence, it appears that resistance training could be an effective intervention to help glycemic control, especially considering that the effects of this form of intervention are comparable with what reported with aerobic exercise. Less studies have investigated whether combined resistance and aerobic training offers a synergistic and incremental effect on glycemic control; however, from the available evidences appear that combined exercise training seems to determine additional change in HbA 1c that can be seen significant if compared with aerobic training alone and resistance training alone.

The relationship between nutritional status, functional capacity, and health-related quality of life in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A pilot explanatory study

“…Although we could not measure sarcopenia among our patients, the relationship found between lower muscle strength and a poor protein diet (MNA item 11) in our participants would account for the lack of function, hence affecting HRQoL. Thus, increases in skeletal muscle mass, or even muscle function (34) are not only related to glycemic control (35,36) but it also appears to be important for prevent the decline in function among T2DM patients, particularly with aging. Consequently, efforts should be made to increase physical exercise, which may lead to improvements in muscle strength, in the T2DM population.…”

Fatores Associados À Ausência De Controle Glicêmico Em Diabéticos Atendidos Em Unidades De Atenção Primária À Saúde

“…Em estudos sobre controle dos fatores de risco para diabéticos, os pesquisadores frequentemente discutem sobre o papel da atividade física no controle glicêmico (15)(16)(17)20,22,23) . Vancea e outros (17) afirmaram que um programa de exercício físico estruturado de intensidade moderada é capaz de provocar uma redução no IMC já a partir da oitava semana de treinamento.…”

“…A manutenção desse controle associada ao controle dos lipídeos séricos, pressão arterial e peso corporal adequado deve ser um dos principais focos no tratamento dietoterápico destes pacientes (14,15) . O exercício físico também deve fazer parte do tratamento do DM e seu papel é tão importante quanto a dieta e a medicação.…”

Ocena częstości występowania hipoglikemii w zależności od aktywności fizycznej

“…The positive effect of physical activity on the human body is mediated by a number of mechanisms. In general, physical activity improves glucose metabolism, participates in a reduction of adipose tissue, lowers blood pressure, reduces the levels of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ), and reduces body weight and waist circumference [3,8,9]. Those mechanisms are the main factors contributing to a reduction of incidence of cardiovascular heart disease or diabetes [3].…”