Excessive physical demands in modern worklife and characteristics of work and living conditions of persons at risk

Physical work demands, hypertension status, and risk of ischemic heart disease and all-cause mortality in the Copenhagen Male Study

“…Considering the fact that both phenomena [ie, hypertension (5, 6) and high physical work demands (3,16)] are frequent in Western societies and in the world as a whole, the findings in this study may be broadly relevant. Irrespective of their physical work demands, hypertensive men had a doubled risk of IHD and a forty percent increased risk of all-cause mortality.…”

Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease

“…Also, assessments varied quite substantially with regard to job tasks and activities [46,47]. Historically occupational physical activity has been regarded as beneficial to the cardiovascular system in sports medicine and behavioral medicine [1], as shown by our previous meta-analysis [6 & ]; however, in work physiology and occupational medicine, high physical activity in the workplace in terms of physical job demand is traditionally considered as an occupational health hazard [45,48], as supported by this updated meta-analysis. It needs to be noted that the operationalization of physical activity levels can take a range of different forms, for example, as intensity, duration, or frequency of activity, or as the total amount of energy expenditure by metabolic equivalent value [36,49].…”

Gender differences in workers with identical repetitive industrial tasks: exposure and musculoskeletal disorders

“…Further, exercise such as sports, walking or dancing was registered, as well as household work, including shopping, cooking, washing, cleaning, childcare, car-and house-maintenance and gardening (Karlqvist et al 2003). …”