Examining the statistical relationships between volcanic seismic, infrasound, and electrical signals: A case study of Sakurajima volcano, 2015

Smith, Cassandra M.; Thompson, Glenn; Reader, Steven; Behnke, S. A.; McNutt, Stephen R.; Thomas, R. J.; Edens, H. E.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106996

Cited by 13 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…2 and the predict function in R. We predict that 100 located RF sources (a large amount of electrical activity for this dataset) that will occur at similar plume values as the volcanic lightning and vent discharges t-tests with the addition of infrasound energy greater than 10 7 J and seismic duration greater than 80 seconds. This infrasound energy estimate matches with the high electrical activity threshold value estimated by Smith et al,(2020). 1, eq 1, and Table S5 to show the continuum from the smallest volcanic plumes recorded without either volcanic lightning or CRF, to mid-sized volcanic plumes (800-1000 m) that had volcanic…”

Section: Accepted Articlesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…We used the geophysical variables from eq. 5 in Smith et al, (2020) reproduced here as eq. 1, including the seismic energy, infrasound energy, and duration of seismic signal: Where NLS is the number of located RF sources, SE is seismic energy in Joules, IE is infrasound energy in Joules, and SD is seismic duration in seconds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, including the seismic energy, infrasound energy, and duration of seismic signal: Where NLS is the number of located RF sources, SE is seismic energy in Joules, IE is infrasound energy in Joules, and SD is seismic duration in seconds. We then followed the procedure for variable selection and model creation outlined in Smith et al, (2020) to determine the most significant variables for the best model for number of located RF sources with both plume and geophysical measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We analyzed plume ascent characteristics from the infrared videos (including initial jet velocity, peak jet velocity, peak volume flux, and cumulative plume volume -Supplemental Materials Table S1). We also include the seismic and infrasound signals from this time period, as reported by Smith et al, (2020) and develop a multi-variable linear regression model between the eruptive and electrical observations. Ultimately, we show that CRF and volcanic lightning are most highly correlated to different plume parameters and that CRF requires stronger/larger eruptions (as defined by higher infrasound energies and larger volumes) to occur.…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from two Nanometrics Trillium Posthole Broadband 3-component seismometers and six InfraBSU infrasound sensors (range of +/-125 Pa) were recorded on a Nanometrics Centaur digitizer. A detailed description of the catalog creation for the full suite of seismic and infrasound events can be found in Smith et al, (2020). This study uses 97 complete explosive events (defined as having both seismic and infrasound data that matched with an infrared camera recording of the plume) (Supplemental Materials Text S2, Table S2).…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Impulsive Volcanic Plumes Generate Volcanic Lightning and Vent Discharges: A Statistical Analysis of Sakurajima Volcano in 2015

Smith

Gaudin

Eaton

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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 Eruptive activity from Sakurajima volcano, June 2015 showed volcanic lightning was a clear indicator of an ash-bearing volcanic eruption cloud. Vent discharges were linked to impulsive, high-velocity plumes, whereas lightning flashes were linked to plumes with high volume flux.  We infer that charging for vent discharges is tied to the source explosion while volcanic lightning is governed by processes in the volcanic plume.

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Section: Accepted Articlesupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Impulsive Volcanic Plumes Generate Volcanic Lightning and Vent Discharges: A Statistical Analysis of Sakurajima Volcano in 2015

Smith

Gaudin

Eaton

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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Volcano infrasound: progress and future directions

Watson¹,

Iezzi

Toney

et al. 2022

Bull Volcanol

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Over the past two decades (2000–2020), volcano infrasound (acoustic waves with frequencies less than 20 Hz propagating in the atmosphere) has evolved from an area of academic research to a useful monitoring tool. As a result, infrasound is routinely used by volcano observatories around the world to detect, locate, and characterize volcanic activity. It is particularly useful in confirming subaerial activity and monitoring remote eruptions, and it has shown promise in forecasting paroxysmal activity at open-vent systems. Fundamental research on volcano infrasound is providing substantial new insights on eruption dynamics and volcanic processes and will continue to do so over the next decade. The increased availability of infrasound sensors will expand observations of varied eruption styles, and the associated increase in data volume will make machine learning workflows more feasible. More sophisticated modeling will be applied to examine infrasound source and propagation effects from local to global distances, leading to improved infrasound-derived estimates of eruption properties. Future work will use infrasound to detect, locate, and characterize moving flows, such as pyroclastic density currents, lahars, rockfalls, lava flows, and avalanches. Infrasound observations will be further integrated with other data streams, such as seismic, ground- and satellite-based thermal and visual imagery, geodetic, lightning, and gas data. The volcano infrasound community should continue efforts to make data and codes accessible and to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion in the field. In summary, the next decade of volcano infrasound research will continue to advance our understanding of complex volcano processes through increased data availability, sensor technologies, enhanced modeling capabilities, and novel data analysis methods that will improve hazard detection and mitigation.

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Volcanic electrification: recent advances and future perspectives

et al. 2022

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The electrification of volcanic plumes has been described intermittently since at least the time of Pliny the Younger and the 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius. Although sometimes disregarded in the past as secondary effects, recent work suggests that the electrical properties of volcanic plumes reveal intrinsic and otherwise inaccessible parameters of explosive eruptions. An increasing number of volcanic lightning studies across the last decade have shown that electrification is ubiquitous in volcanic plumes. Technological advances in engineering and numerical modelling, paired with close observation of recent eruptions and dedicated laboratory studies (shock-tube and current impulse experiments), show that charge generation and electrical activity are related to the physical, chemical, and dynamic processes underpinning the eruption itself. Refining our understanding of volcanic plume electrification will continue advancing the fundamental understanding of eruptive processes to improve volcano monitoring. Realizing this goal, however, requires an interdisciplinary approach at the intersection of volcanology, atmospheric science, atmospheric electricity, and engineering. Our paper summarizes the rapid and steady progress achieved in recent volcanic lightning research and provides a vision for future developments in this growing field.

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Examining the statistical relationships between volcanic seismic, infrasound, and electrical signals: A case study of Sakurajima volcano, 2015

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Impulsive Volcanic Plumes Generate Volcanic Lightning and Vent Discharges: A Statistical Analysis of Sakurajima Volcano in 2015

Impulsive Volcanic Plumes Generate Volcanic Lightning and Vent Discharges: A Statistical Analysis of Sakurajima Volcano in 2015

Volcano infrasound: progress and future directions

Volcanic electrification: recent advances and future perspectives

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