Examination of the Effect of Preference for Solitude on Subjective Well-Being and Developmental Change

Toyoshima, Aya; Sato, Shinichi

doi:10.1007/s10804-018-9307-z

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“… Burger (1995) thus indicated the possibility that preference for solitude affects the relationship between social interaction and SWB among older adults. Toyoshima and Sato (2018) suggested that spending time alone related to SWB among older adults who rated themselves higher in terms of preference for solitude. There is a possibility that preference for solitude is a psychological factor that enhances older adults’ SWB.…”

Section: Preference For Solitude and Swbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preference for solitude is a factor explaining how aging individuals maintain their SWB even as their social interaction decreases; however, the results of previous studies on the same topic are not consistent. Some studies reported that preference for solitude did not correlate with life satisfaction ( Long et al, 2003 ; Waskowic & Cramer, 1999 ), while Toyoshima and Sato (2018) reported that preference for solitude was negatively associated with positive affect. A reason for this could be that preference for solitude is positively associated with loneliness, which is a hindrance for SWB because it is related to passivity in social interaction ( Burger, 1995 ).…”

Section: Preference For Solitude and Swbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In later life, secondary control strategies are necessary to compensate for limitations in resources (e.g., declining social relationships and losing one’s social role) that enable the use of primary control strategies ( Heckhausen & Schulz, 1993 , 1995 ). Some older adults tend to use secondary control strategies, recognizing the merits of solitude for adapting to the social limitations that come with age ( Toyoshima & Sato, 2018 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Examining the Relationship Between Preference for Solitude and Subjective Well-Being Among Japanese Older Adults

Toyoshima

Kusumi

2021

Innovation in Aging

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Background and Objectives Focusing on the fact that older adults with positive emotions tend to spend time alone, this study aimed to examine the relationship between preference for solitude and subjective well-being among older adults. In Study 1, we developed a revised version of the Preference for Solitude Scale with a three-factor structure, unlike the single-factor structure of the original scale. In Study 2, we examined the relationship between preference for solitude and subjective well-being using the revised scale. Research Design and Methods We conducted an Internet survey with 210 older adults in Study 1 to develop a revised Japanese scale. In Study 2, to address the possible research method bias in Study 1, we conducted a mail survey with 276 older adults. We examined the replicability of Study 1, confirming metric invariance through multi-group analysis and hypothesis model through path analysis. Results The results of the path analysis indicated that “Productivity during solitude” (Factor 3) was positively related with positive affect and life satisfaction, and “Enjoyment of solitude” (Factor 2) was negatively related with negative affect. However, the results of the mediation analysis suggested that preference for solitude was also related to loneliness, and the indirect effect of preference for solitude on well-being was negative. Discussion and Implications “Enjoyment of solitude” and “Productivity during solitude” were related to maintaining subjective well-being among older adults, although the effects were marginal. The impact of preference for solitude was mixed in enhancing and decreasing subjective well-being.

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Section: Preference For Solitude and Swbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preference For Solitude and Swbmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the Relationship Between Preference for Solitude and Subjective Well-Being Among Japanese Older Adults

Toyoshima

Kusumi

2021

Innovation in Aging

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“…Not much is known about older adults' PS preconditions and experience. Existing research includes Toyoshima and Sato (2019), who found that older people adapt better to their diminishing social network when they opt for (positive) solitude; Larson et al (1985), who found that solitude in old age brings a greater sense of control and greater interiority; Lay (2018), who showed that in old age there were no associations between being in solitude and feeling lonely; and Lay et al (2020), who reported that 86% of solitude-seeking was voluntary at old age. However, while their inquiry was aimed at finding a relationship between social relations or solitude-seeking as a precondition for (positive) solitude, our study was not aimed at any specific precondition.…”

Section: Ps Benefits and Preconditions In Older Adulthoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring gaps in positive solitude perceptions: older adults vs. gerontology professionals

Mor

Palgi

Segel-Karpas

2020

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore old persons’ experiences of positive solitude (PS) and the gaps between their experience and professional caregivers’ perceptions of older adults’ experiences of PS. Moreover, we attempt to understand the basic mechanism that may explain these gaps. Design: A qualitative method was used. Participants: Fourty-one older adults (aged 65–103 years) and 2 groups of professionals: 16 occupational therapists with a specialization in gerontology and 41 gerontology graduate students from other occupations. Measurement: Four open-ended questions about PS were asked. The older adults described their views on PS and experiences during solitude. The two caregiver groups, who are familiar with older adults, answered the questions twice, referring once to themselves and once to older adults in general. Results: A. Gaps exist between old peoples’ and caregivers’ perceptions and experience of PS. B. The caregivers believe that older adults cannot easily enjoy PS. C. Caregivers believe that there are certain preconditions for older adults’ experience of PS. D. Differences in attitude toward older adults between the caregiver groups were found. Conclusions: Although old people occasionally prefer PS, culture and age bias may prevent caregivers from accepting older adults’ need for PS. Practical implications include the need to raise awareness of age bias among caregiving staff, in particular regarding their acceptance of older adults’ PS experiences. This may improve the staff’s willingness to enable older adults to experience PS without interruption.

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“…Esto resulta llamativo dado que la red de apoyo se considera uno de los principales factores de prevención frente a la exclusión social (Mansilla et al, 2018;Vizoso, 2019) pues permite hacer frente a los componentes estresantes ambientales e individuales influyendo sobre recursos personales como la autoestima (Harnisch y Montgomery, 2017), la elaboración de significados adaptativos (Hage y Pillay, 2017;Whitman y Liebenberg, 2015) y en recursos relacionales como el apoyo afectivo (Ungar, 2018). Además, las relaciones interpersonales son un componente fundamental para un desarrollo emocional óptimo (Kleijberg et al, 2020;Pulido-Acosta y Herrera-Clavero, 2018;Saenz de Jubera et al, 2019;Toyoshima y Sato, 2019). En consecuencia, surge la necesidad de buscar estrategias que promocionen la configuración de una red social heterogénea y sólida para suplir la escasez de apoyo emocional y económico que está en la génesis de los procesos de exclusión social a los que están expuestos estos jóvenes en su tránsito a la vida adulta.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Espacios intergeneracionales de ocio y redes de apoyo social en jóvenes egresados del sistema de protección

Díaz-Esterri

Martínez

Oliva

2021

PSYE

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Los jóvenes que egresan del sistema de protección con una red de apoyo social frágil o ausente transitan rápidamente a la vida adulta manteniéndose por sí mismos desde una edad muy temprana, viéndose afectado su desarrollo psicológico y social. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar cómo se construyen espacios intergeneracionales, redes de apoyo significativas y relaciones familiares por y para estos jóvenes vulnerables. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo en el que se realizaron veinte entrevistas semiestructuradas a jóvenes egresados del sistema de protección a la infancia y a quince profesionales de la intervención socioeducativa que trabajan con este colectivo. A partir del análisis de sus discursos, los resultados señalan una marcada ausencia de referentes adultos fuera del tejido institucional, especialmente en el inicio del tránsito a la vida independiente. Así mismo, se evidencia la existencia de una red social de apoyo constituida, principalmente, por otros jóvenes conocidos a lo largo de su trayectoria en el sistema de protección. Los testimonios recogen experiencias vividas a lo largo de su tránsito por el sistema de protección que fomentan la interacción de estos jóvenes con personas de otras edades, de manera especial en espacios intergeneracionales de ocio y servicios a la comunidad, que surgen cómo una alternativa y oportunidad para tejer una red social más sólida y heterogénea que facilite el tránsito a la vida adulta de estos jóvenes. Con todo, se abre una línea de investigación futura para optimizar la intervención psicoeducativa con este colectivo.

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Examination of the Effect of Preference for Solitude on Subjective Well-Being and Developmental Change

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Examining the Relationship Between Preference for Solitude and Subjective Well-Being Among Japanese Older Adults

Examining the Relationship Between Preference for Solitude and Subjective Well-Being Among Japanese Older Adults

Exploring gaps in positive solitude perceptions: older adults vs. gerontology professionals

Espacios intergeneracionales de ocio y redes de apoyo social en jóvenes egresados del sistema de protección

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