Evolution of X-pinch loads for pulsed power generators with current from 50 to 5000 kA

Shelkovenko, T. A.; Pikuz, S. A.; Tilikin, I. N.; Mitchell, M. D.; Bland, S. N.; Hammer, D. A.

doi:10.1016/j.mre.2018.09.001

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Theoretically, the linear density of the wires should be chosen such that the X-pinch forms approximately at the peak current; however, experiments show that optimal pinching occurs if the X-pinch forms between the moment of peak current and that of peak current derivative. 14 In our experience, optimizing for the latter of these two conditions produced the best x-ray yield and operational reliability.…”

Section: Dry Pinch I Performance: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The best X-pinches reported in the literature achieve x-ray bursts as short as 10 ps, and sub-micrometer spot sizes using current rise rates that exceed 1 kA/ns. 14 In the future, we will be improving our diagnostics to explore how Dry Pinch I behaves on these timescales and resolutions-at present, its output may still not be fully optimized and the hot spot formed potentially under-compressed. 25 The spectral properties of the x-ray emission can be tuned for use in diffraction or spectroscopic measurements by using different wire materials for the load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the collapse of the wire plasma, soft thermal emission (E ∼ 1-10 keV) from the highly compressed and heated region (soft hot spot) radiates a short (tens of picoseconds) and intense burst of x-ray radiation with good imaging properties (source size ∼ 5 μm). 14 Immediately following the compression, an electron cascade accelerated across the anode-cathode (A-K) gap hits the dense plasma mini-diode, yielding harder (E > 10 keV) bremsstrahlung radiation over multiple nanoseconds (hard hot spot) with a typical source size >50 μm. Spectral features of the radiation produced by an X-pinch include strong emission lines that can be used for x-ray diffraction measurements 15 and smooth broadband continua-due to the intense pressures and densities reached in the hot spot-that can be exploited for absorption spectroscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A portable X-pinch design for x-ray diagnostics of warm dense matter

Strucka

Halliday

Gheorghiu

et al. 2021

Matter and Radiation at Extremes

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We describe the design and x-ray emission properties (temporal, spatial, and spectral) of Dry Pinch I, a portable X-pinch driver developed at Imperial College London. Dry Pinch I is a direct capacitor discharge device, 300 3 300 3 700 mm 3 in size and ∼50 kg in mass, that can be used as an external driver for x-ray diagnostics in high-energy-density physics experiments. Among key findings, the device is shown to reliably produce 1.1 ± 0.3 ns long x-ray bursts that couple ∼50 mJ of energy into photon energies from 1 to 10 keV. The average shot-to-shot jitter of these bursts is found to be 10 ± 4.6 ns using a combination of x-ray and current diagnostics. The spatial extent of the x-ray hot spot from which the radiation emanates agrees with previously published results for X-pinches-suggesting a spot size of 10 ± 6 μm in the soft energy region (1-10 keV) and 190 ± 100 μm in the hard energy region ( >10 keV). These characteristics mean that Dry Pinch I is ideally suited for use as a probe in experiments driven in the laboratory or at external facilities when more conventional sources of probing radiation are not available. At the same time, this is also the first detailed investigation of an X-pinch operating reliably at current rise rates of less than 1 kA/ns.

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Section: Dry Pinch I Performance: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A portable X-pinch design for x-ray diagnostics of warm dense matter

Strucka

Halliday

Gheorghiu

et al. 2021

Matter and Radiation at Extremes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our X-pinch device lies at the lower peak current range of X-pinch generators [19]. To the best of our knowledge, such a generator has not been used previously to deliver X-ray radiographs of biological samples, using photons in the range between 6 and 13 keV, produced by fast-rise-time (≥1 kA/ns) X-pinch generators [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an X-ray Source Generated by a Portable Low-Current X-Pinch

et al. 2021

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An X-pinch scheme of a low-current generator (45 kA, 50 ns rise time) is characterized as a potential efficient source of soft X-rays. The X-pinch target consists of wires of 5 μm in diameter—made from either tungsten (W) or gold (Au)-plated W—loaded at two angles of 55° and 98° between the crossed wires. Time-resolved soft X-ray emission measurements are performed to provide a secure correlation with the optical probing results. A reconstruction of the actual photodiode current profile procedure was adopted, capable of overcoming the limits of the slow rising and falling times due to the “slow” response of the diodes and the noise. The pure and Au-plated W deliver an average X-ray yield, which depends only on the angle of the crossed wires, and is measured to be ~50 mJ and ~70 mJ for the 98° and 55° crossed wire angles, respectively. An additional experimental setup was developed to characterize the X-pinch as a source of X-rays with energy higher than ~6 keV, via time-integrated measurements. The X-ray emission spectrum was found to have an upper limit at 13 keV for the Au-plated W configuration at 55°. The portable tabletop X-pinch proved to be ideal for use in X-ray radiography applications, such as the detection of interior defects in biological samples.

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“…Experiments with much higher driving currents necessitated an increase in the number of wires [10,11]; whereas attempts to produce a way of reloading an X-pinch load in vacuum resulted in experiments where the wires were supported by dielectric frames [12]. The most significant development X-pinch research, though, has been the creation of the hybrid X-pinch (HXP) [13][14][15] which consists of a single thin wire placed between the closely spaced conical electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiframe point-projection radiography imaging based on hybrid X-pinch

Tilikin

Shelkovenko

Pikuz

et al. 2021

Review of Scientific Instruments

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This paper demonstrates the possibility of using a new configuration of the hybrid X-pinch to produce a set of spatially and temporarily separate X-ray bursts that could be used for the radiography of dynamic events. To achieve this a longer than normal wire is placed between the conical electrodes of the hybrid X-pinch, and a set of small spacers (fishing weights) placed along the wire. Each subsection of the wire than acts as a unique X-pinch, producing its own radiation burst from a small (~3 μm) spot. The timing between bursts is 20-50ns, and each is <2ns in duration. For comparison if a longer wire is simply employed without spacers, hot spots of radiation occur in random positions and the time between any 2 bursts does not exceed 20 ns. Examples of two and three frames point projection radiography of solid-state and plasma test objects are given.

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Evolution of X-pinch loads for pulsed power generators with current from 50 to 5000 kA

Cited by 26 publications

References 60 publications

A portable X-pinch design for x-ray diagnostics of warm dense matter

A portable X-pinch design for x-ray diagnostics of warm dense matter

Characterization of an X-ray Source Generated by a Portable Low-Current X-Pinch

Multiframe point-projection radiography imaging based on hybrid X-pinch

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