Evolution of composite fouling on a vertical stainless steel surface caused by treated sewage

Zan, Cheng; Song, Lin; Yang, Wenyan; Ma, Xiujuan

doi:10.1007/s11708-009-0068-z

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…NOX; DOC, Dissolved organic carbon; HPC, Heterotrophic plate count; DTMC, Direct total microscopic count. quality (Narasimhan et al, 2005), corrosion and biofouling in cooling systems (Li et al, 2011;Zan et al, 2010), the interruption of water flow in the aquifer treatment (Icekson-Tal et al, 2003;Pavelic et al, 2007), and the clogging of emitters in microirrigation (Puig-Bargues et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of microbial regrowth potential by assimilable organic carbon in various reclaimed water and distribution systems

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of microbial regrowth potential by assimilable organic carbon in various reclaimed water and distribution systems

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Treated sewage source heat pump systems (TSSHPS) represent an efficient method for waste energy recovery (Zan et al 2010), which has been demonstrated by projects such as the 2008 Beijing Olympic village TSSHPS ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of interactions between the temperature field and biofouling in a synthetic treated sewage stream

et al. 2013

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biofouling causes significant losses in efficiency in heat exchangers recovering waste heat from treated sewage. The influence of the temperature field on biofouling was investigated using a flat plate heat exchanger which simulated the channels in a plate and frame unit. The test surface was a 316 stainless steel plate, and a solution of Bacillus sp. and Aeromonas sp. was used as a model process liquid. The test cell was operated under co-current, counter-current, and constant wall temperature configurations, which gave different temperature distributions. Biofouling was monitored via changes in heat transfer and biofilm thickness. The effect of uniform temperature on biofouling formation was similar to the effect of uniform temperature on planktonic growth of the organisms. Further results showed that the temperature field, and particularly the wall temperature, influenced the rate of biofouling strongly. The importance of wall temperature suggests that fouling could be mitigated by using different configurations in summer and winter.

show abstract

“…The screened wastewater is then pumped to the WET systems heat exchanger. Biofouling occurs when moisture, warmth and nutrients are present to allow for biological growth [51]. Even the processes at wastewater treatment plants are unable to completely remove the heterotrophic bacteria, microbial nutrients, and suspended solids, meaning that biofouling will still occur even with fully treated wastewater [52].…”

Section: Cloggingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even the processes at wastewater treatment plants are unable to completely remove the heterotrophic bacteria, microbial nutrients, and suspended solids, meaning that biofouling will still occur even with fully treated wastewater [52]. This is particularly troublesome for WET systems as biofouling increases heat transfer resistance [51]. Studies have concluded that fouling can decrease heat transfer by 20% to 50%.…”

Section: Cloggingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Feasibility of Wastewater Energy Transfer (WET) Systems for Cold Climates

Kwiatek

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wastewater is an abundant and underutilized source of thermal energy, that when coupled with heat exchangers and heat pumps, can provide heating and cooling to buildings. These Wastewater Energy Transfer (WET) systems can result in significant greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions compared to the conventional alternatives. The Ryerson University campus buildings are used as a case study and are simulated using weather data for 6 major Canadian cities. A detailed energy model was developed that compared the performance of a conventional HVAC system to the WET system. Using local GHG emissions factors and utility rates, the model calculated the energy consumption, operating costs and GHG emission for both systems. A detailed financial model was developed to calculate the project internal rate of return (IRR) and equity returns. The financial results were used to determine the optimal size of the WET system for each city. For 5 of the 6 major Canadian cities considered, the WET system was able to achieve a project IRR of greater than 8%, which was considered to be the minimum acceptable rate of return for a financeable project. The WET systems resulted in annual savings ranging from $128,544 in Calgary up to $2,057,855 in Montreal with an average of $852,196. Annual GHG emissions reductions ranged from 5,464 tonnes in Winnipeg to 21 tonnes in Montreal, with an average of 2,235 tonnes. A multi-unit residential building in Toronto, Canada was used as the case study to evaluate the viability of integrated WET systems with ambient-loop (AL) HVAC systems consisting of a series of dispersed heat pumps. An energy model was developed that calculated the performance of supplying the AL with conventional boilers and cooling towers, and compared it to supplying the AL with the WET system. The model calculated the annual energy consumption, operating costs and GHG emissions of both systems. Lastly, a financial model was developed to determine the project and equity returns of the WET AL system. The WET based AL system reduced electricity consumption by 8.2%, offset 516,410 m3 of natural gas and 4,655 m3 of water annually from evaporative cooling towers. The year 1 operating savings of the WET AL system were $156,911 and resulted in a project IRR of 9.10%. The annual GHG emissions reduction amounts to 991 tonnes, or approximately 89% of the emissions attributed to the HVAC system.

show abstract

Evolution of composite fouling on a vertical stainless steel surface caused by treated sewage

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of microbial regrowth potential by assimilable organic carbon in various reclaimed water and distribution systems

Evaluation of microbial regrowth potential by assimilable organic carbon in various reclaimed water and distribution systems

Experimental investigation of interactions between the temperature field and biofouling in a synthetic treated sewage stream

Techno-Economic Feasibility of Wastewater Energy Transfer (WET) Systems for Cold Climates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About