This Review focuses on the recent progress in the area of CO2‐responsive polymers and provides detailed descriptions of these existing examples. CO2‐responsive polymers can be categorized into three types based on their CO2‐responsive groups: amidine, amine, and carboxyl groups. Compared with traditional temperature, pH, or light stimuli‐responsive polymers, CO2‐responsive polymers provide the advantage to use CO2 as a “green” trigger as well as to capture CO2 directly from air. In addition, the current challenges of CO2‐responsive polymers are discussed and the different solution methods are compared. Noteworthy, CO2‐responsive polymers are considered to have a prosperous future in various scientific areas.

This paper reviews the chemical fundamentals of CO2-responsive polymers as well as the latest reported “smart” material systems switched by CO2.

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A new hydrogen production method, HyPr−RING (Hydrogen Production by Reaction Integrated Novel Gasification), from organic compounds has been proposed. The fundamental concept of this process is integration of the water−hydrocarbon reaction, water-gas shift reaction, and the absorption of CO2 and other pollutants in a single reactor. Hydrogen productivity from the reactions of organic material(s) with supercritical water was investigated in ranges of pressure 12−105 MPa and temperature 873−973 K by using a micro-autoclave. CO2 was absorbed by a sorbent during the reactions in the micro-autoclave. It was found that H2 and CH4 as the major product gases can be produced from lignite, subbituminous, bituminous, and several organic wastes. For example, 170 cm3 of gas with about 80% H2 and 20% CH4 was produced from 0.1 g of the subbituminous Taiheiyo coal, at 923 K. In this case, about 90% of the carbon in the Taiheiyo coal was converted to produce H2 and CH4. Some organic materials including chlorine and sulfur, such as the poly(vinyl chloride) and the sludge, also produced gases that mainly contained H2, CH4, and no chlorine or sulfur gases.

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In an effort to develop a novel hydrogen production process in which coal is gasified with highpressure steam in the presence of CO 2 sorbents, the fundamental CO 2 sorption characteristics of Ca-based sorbents during repetitive carbonation-calcination reactions at different pressures were investigated using a conventional TG/DTA analyzer and a laboratory-scale horizontaltube reactor. The results revealed that, as a result of sintering and crystal growth, Ca-based sorbents were significantly deactivated by high-temperature calcination treatment. As a consequence, the CO 2 uptake capacity of the sorbents decreased with cycle number under both atmospheric and pressurized conditions. An intermediate hydration treatment was found to enhance the reactivity and durability of the sorbents for multicycle CO 2 sorption. Because of the presence of eutectics in the CaO-Ca(OH) 2 -CaCO 3 ternary system, the formation of sorbent melts was observed in repetitive calcination-hydration-carbonation reactions at elevated pressures at 923 and 973 K. Even under eutectic conditions, the sorbents retained their high reactivity for CO 2 sorption.