Evaluation of microbial regrowth potential by assimilable organic carbon in various reclaimed water and distribution systems

Thayanukul, Parinda; Kurisu, Futoshi; Kasuga, Ikuro; Furumai, Hiroaki

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.09.051

Cited by 104 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…However, the regrowth of pathogens, such as Aeromonas, Mycobacterium, and Legionella, has been reported in the distribution system irrespective of the treatment technology used, including CAS processes and MBRs [123,124]. Thus, the post-treatment of MBR effluents as well as effective effluent monitoring to confirm the integrity of the process is necessary in order to ensure environmental and public health protection.…”

Section: Requirement Of Post-disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Pathogens by Membrane Bioreactors: A Review of the Mechanisms, Influencing Factors and Reduction in Chemical Disinfectant Dosing

Hai

Riley

Shawkat

et al. 2014

Water

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Abstract:The continued depletion of fresh drinking water resources throughout the world has increased the need for a variety of water treatment and recycling strategies. Conventional wastewater treatment processes rely on extensive chemical post-disinfection to comply with the stringent microbiological safety for water reuse. When well designed and operated, membrane bioreactors (MBRs) can consistently achieve efficient removals of suspended solids, protozoa and coliform bacteria. Under optimal conditions, MBR systems can also significantly remove various viruses and phages. This paper provides an in-depth overview of the mechanisms and influencing factors of pathogen removal by MBR and highlights practical issues, such as reduced chemical disinfectant dosing requirements and associated economic and environmental benefits. Special attention has been paid to the aspects, such as membrane cleaning, membrane imperfections/breach and microbial regrowth, in the distribution system on the overall pathogen removal performance of MBR.

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Section: Requirement Of Post-disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Pathogens by Membrane Bioreactors: A Review of the Mechanisms, Influencing Factors and Reduction in Chemical Disinfectant Dosing

Hai

Riley

Shawkat

et al. 2014

Water

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“…UV irradiation (25-40 mJ cm −2 , unreported water thickness) was also shown to be effective in lowering total coliforms (to 2-500 CFU/100 mL) and fecal coliforms (to 2-30 CFU/100 mL) to meet German quality guidelines for graywater reuse (Nolde, 2000). In another study, Gilboa and Friedler (2008) report observing no regrowth of fecal coliforms, P. aeruginosa, or Staphylococcus aureus after exposure to UV disinfection (0-439 mJ cm −2 , unreported water thickness) up to 6 h (Gilboa and Friedler, 2008 of bacteria, regrowth can occur in treated fecally-contaminated water during storage and distribution due to the availability of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and the loss of disinfectant residual Thayanukul et al, 2013;Lin et al, 2016). Other factors can affect the growth of pathogens in disinfected water, including type and concentration of available nutrients, type and concentration of residual disinfectant, presence of indigenous community, water age, pipe materials, and environmental conditions (Wang et al, 2014;Prest et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Bacterial Pathogens in Water for Reuse: Treatment Technologies for Water Recirculation in the Blue Diversion Autarky Toilet

Nguyen

Allemann

Ziemba

et al. 2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Highlight• Bacterial growth in fecally-contaminated water is highly variable and dependent on several factors. • Regrowth occurs after chlorination (low doses, no residual).• Indigenous microbial communities variably impact bacterial growth.• A combination of treatments can both inactivate and inhibit growth.The Blue Diversion AUTARKY Toilet is a urine-diverting toilet with on-site treatment. The toilet is being developed to provide a safe and affordable sanitation technology for people who lack access to sewer-based sanitation. Water used for personal hygiene, hand washing, and flushing to rinse urine-and feces-collection bowls is treated, stored, and recycled for reuse to reduce reliance on external water supplies. The system provides an opportunity to investigate hygiene of water for reuse following treatment. Treatment in the toilet includes a Biologically Activated Membrane Bioreactor (BAMBi) followed by a secondary treatment technology. To identify effective secondary treatment, three options, including granular activated carbon (GAC) only, GAC+chlorine (sodium hypochlorite), and GAC+electrolysis are considered based on the bacterial inactivation and growth inhibition efficiency. Four different hygiene-relevant bacteria are tested: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium. Our evaluation demonstrates that-despite treatment of water with the BAMBi-E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. typhimurium have the potential to grow during storage in the absence of microbial competition. Including the indigenous microbial community influences bacterial growth in different ways: E. coli growth decreases but P. aeruginosa growth increases relative to no competition. The addition of the secondary treatment options considerably improves water quality. A column of GAC after the BAMBi reduces E. coli growth potential by 2 log 10 , likely due to the reduction of carbon sources. Additional treatments including chlorination and electrolysis provide further safety margins, with Nguyen et al. Pathogens in Water for Reuse more than 5 log 10 inactivation of E. coli. However, reactivation and/or regrowth of E. coli and P. aeruginosa occurs under in the absence of residual disinfectant. Treatment including the BAMBi, GAC, and electrolysis appear to be promising technologies to control bacterial growth during storage in water intended for reuse.

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“…In particular, the compliance rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD), which is one of the environmental water quality standards for lakes and reservoirs, has remained approximately 50% for decades [2]. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) partially contributing to COD should be controlled because some components in DOM cause water quality problems such as off-flavor [3], disinfection by-products precursors [4,5], and microbial regrowth in distribution system [6]. However, understanding of DOM in lakes and reservoirs is limited because DOM is a heterogeneous mixture of complex unknown compounds from internal and external sources [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Low Molecular Weight Dissolved Organic Matter Compositions in Lake Inba and Kashima River by Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

Yuthawong

Kasuga

Kurisu

et al. 2017

J. of Wat. & Envir. Tech.

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Lake Inba, which serves as a drinking water source in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, has not complied with the environmental standard for COD (3 mg/L) since the 1970s. The high level of dissolved organic matter (DOM) caused by eutrophication in the lake has risen the concern of water treatment. To understand the compositions and sources of DOM in Lake Inba, this study compared molecular compositions of low molecular weight DOM (LMW-DOM, <1 kDa) in the lake and a major river flowing to the lake. Water samples were collected from Lake Inba and Kashima River in June 2015. After solidphase extraction, LMW-DOM was analyzed by Orbitrap mass spectrometry coupled with electrospray ionization. Based on the accurate mass data, 1,263 and 1,393 molecular formulae were assigned for the lake and river samples, respectively. Among them, 1,193 formulae were shared between the lake and the river, indicating that Kashima River was the representative source of LMW-DOM in the lake at the sampling occasion. Elemental composition of molecular formula demonstrated that 61% of the shared formulae were composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen to carbon ratio and oxygen to carbon ratio of these common molecules were similar to the fingerprints of lignin and tannin.

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Evaluation of microbial regrowth potential by assimilable organic carbon in various reclaimed water and distribution systems

Cited by 104 publications

References 33 publications

Removal of Pathogens by Membrane Bioreactors: A Review of the Mechanisms, Influencing Factors and Reduction in Chemical Disinfectant Dosing

Removal of Pathogens by Membrane Bioreactors: A Review of the Mechanisms, Influencing Factors and Reduction in Chemical Disinfectant Dosing

Controlling Bacterial Pathogens in Water for Reuse: Treatment Technologies for Water Recirculation in the Blue Diversion Autarky Toilet

Comparison of Low Molecular Weight Dissolved Organic Matter Compositions in Lake Inba and Kashima River by Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

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