Evidence of the megavirome in humans

Colson, Philippe; Fancello, Laura; Gimenez, Grégory; Armougom, Fabrice; Desnues, Christelle; Fournous, Ghislain; Yoosuf, Niyaz; Million, Matthieu; Scola, Bernard La; Raoult, Didier

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2013.03.018

Cited by 95 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…2), with the 255 number of VLPs present in samples ranging from 2.4×10 8 to 1.12×10 9 VLPs/ml FF (mean 256 5.58×10 8 VLPs/ml FF) (equivalent to ~1.2×10 9 to 5.58×10 9 VLPs/g faeces, mean 2.94×10 9 ). of the order Megavirales [27]). Even after centrifugation, the supernatants from several of the 276 samples, while appearing relatively translucent, were highly viscous (perhaps due to host 277 mucins) and clogged the 0.45 µm filters with less than 2 ml of sample being filtered.…”

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Characterization of virus-like particles associated with the human faecal and caecal microbiota

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et al. 2014

Research in Microbiology

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Characterization of virus-like particles associated with the human faecal and caecal microbiota

Hoyles

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Neve

et al. 2014

Research in Microbiology

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“…For example, some Legionella species were able to be recovered from clinical specimens only by using amoebal culture (291). Moreover, the first giant virus isolated from a patient sample was a member of the Marseilleviridae, called senegalvirus, which was isolated from a stool sample of an asymptomatic patient from Senegal (154,292). Later, the first human virus of the Mimiviridae, LBA111, was isolated from a pulmonary sample (293).…”

Section: Fig 3 Amoeba Culturing Methods For Recovering Amoeba-resistimentioning

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Current and Past Strategies for Bacterial Culture in Clinical Microbiology

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY A pure bacterial culture remains essential for the study of its virulence, its antibiotic susceptibility, and its genome sequence in order to facilitate the understanding and treatment of caused diseases. The first culture conditions empirically varied incubation time, nutrients, atmosphere, and temperature; culture was then gradually abandoned in favor of molecular methods. The rebirth of culture in clinical microbiology was prompted by microbiologists specializing in intracellular bacteria. The shell vial procedure allowed the culture of new species of Rickettsia . The design of axenic media for growing fastidious bacteria such as Tropheryma whipplei and Coxiella burnetii and the ability of amoebal coculture to discover new bacteria constituted major advances. Strong efforts associating optimized culture media, detection methods, and a microaerophilic atmosphere allowed a dramatic decrease of the time of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. The use of a new versatile medium allowed an extension of the repertoire of archaea. Finally, to optimize the culture of anaerobes in routine bacteriology laboratories, the addition of antioxidants in culture media under an aerobic atmosphere allowed the growth of strictly anaerobic species. Nevertheless, among usual bacterial pathogens, the development of axenic media for the culture of Treponema pallidum or Mycobacterium leprae remains an important challenge that the patience and innovations of cultivators will enable them to overcome.

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“…iant viruses of amoebas are part of a proposed viral order (1) whose role in human diseases is still being evaluated (2). Mimivirus, the first giant virus isolated from amoeba, has recently been associated with pneumonia (3).…”

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“…Mimivirus, the first giant virus isolated from amoeba, has recently been associated with pneumonia (3). Marseillevirus, the other large family of amoeba viruses (4,5), has been found in water and once in the stool sample of an asymptomatic Senegalese subject (2,6). Recently, this virus was found in blood samples from asymptomatic blood donors (7).…”

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Marseillevirus Adenitis in an 11-Month-Old Child

et al. 2013

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A Marseillevirus (giant virus of amoeba) has been found in the blood and stool samples of individuals who otherwise appear to be healthy. During an attempt to define a serological cutoff for Marseillevirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in children, we serendipitously detected high antibody responses to Marseillevirus in an 11-month-old boy suffering from adenitis. Marseillevirus DNA was then found in his blood using PCR and with a unique sequence. We identified Marseillevirus in a lymph node using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry, and the lymph node was removed surgically. The child was declared to be cured 1 year later. We conclude that adenitis during early childhood may be caused by Marseillevirus. Giant viruses of amoebas are part of a proposed viral order (1) whose role in human diseases is still being evaluated (2). Mimivirus, the first giant virus isolated from amoeba, has recently been associated with pneumonia (3). Marseillevirus, the other large family of amoeba viruses (4, 5), has been found in water and once in the stool sample of an asymptomatic Senegalese subject (2, 6). Recently, this virus was found in blood samples from asymptomatic blood donors (7). The virus was cultured in one of these cases and identified using immunofluorescence in a blood concentrate, and its genome was partially sequenced (7). It constitutes a new strain compared to the others that were already discovered (7). On this occasion, a serological technique has been implemented that helped highlight that a significant portion of the population had been in contact with Marseillevirus. It therefore became useful to define a positive test cutoff using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To determine the serological cutoff for Marseillevirus infections and evaluate its seroprevalence, we selected 10 serum samples that we believed would be negative for Marseillevirus from patients who were supposedly too young to have been exposed to the virus. These serum samples came from individuals who were Ͼ6 months old and Ͻ2 years old and were sent to our laboratory for diagnosis and anonymous testing. Nine tested negative, but the tenth exhibited high antibody titers. This led us, for the well-being of the patient, to lift anonymity and examine the history of the patient. CASE REPORTThe patient, a young boy aged 11 months, presented with nonfebrile lymphadenopathy. He was hospitalized in the pediatric ward of La Timone Hospital for a single right axillary adenopathy. The lymphadenopathy was 1.5 cm in diameter and had evolved over the last month and a half. The child never developed a fever and did not suffer any alteration in his general condition. The history of the child only included systemic Bacillus Calmette Guérin infection ("BCGitis") with an occurrence 2 months after the BCG injection (inoculated at 1 month old). The initial assessment upon admission revealed a decreased neutrophil count and lymphocytosis, with erythrocyte sedimentation rate that accelerated to 33 mm during the ...

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Evidence of the megavirome in humans

Cited by 95 publications

References 72 publications

Characterization of virus-like particles associated with the human faecal and caecal microbiota

Characterization of virus-like particles associated with the human faecal and caecal microbiota

Current and Past Strategies for Bacterial Culture in Clinical Microbiology

Marseillevirus Adenitis in an 11-Month-Old Child

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