Characterization of virus-like particles associated with the human faecal and caecal microbiota

Hoyles, Lesley; McCartney, A.L.; Neve, Horst; Gibson, Glenn; Sanderson, J; Heller, KJ; Sinderen, Douwe van

doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2014.10.006

Cited by 163 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Such a long tail has already been observed by Hoyles et al for virus-like particles that corresponded to bacteriophages and were associated with human fecal or cecal samples (52). Taken together, these results are consistent with previous reports showing that there was no relationship between the presence of a particular stx variant and the morphology of the corresponding phage (38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Heterogeneity in Induction Level, Infection Ability, and Morphology of Shiga Toxin-Encoding Phages (Stx Phages) from Dairy and Human Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O26:H11 Isolates

Bonanno

Petit

Loukiadis

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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e Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) bacteria are foodborne pathogens responsible for diarrhea and hemolyticuremic syndrome (HUS). Shiga toxin, the main STEC virulence factor, is encoded by the stx gene located in the genome of a bacteriophage inserted into the bacterial chromosome. The O26:H11 serotype is considered to be the second-most-significant HUScausing serotype worldwide after O157:H7. STEC O26:H11 bacteria and their stx-negative counterparts have been detected in dairy products. They may convert from the one form to the other by loss or acquisition of Stx phages, potentially confounding food microbiological diagnostic methods based on stx gene detection. Here we investigated the diversity and mobility of Stx phages from human and dairy STEC O26:H11 strains. Evaluation of their rate of in vitro induction, occurring either spontaneously or in the presence of mitomycin C, showed that the Stx2 phages were more inducible overall than Stx1 phages. However, no correlation was found between the Stx phage levels produced and the origin of the strains tested or the phage insertion sites. Morphological analysis by electron microscopy showed that Stx phages from STEC O26:H11 displayed various shapes that were unrelated to Stx1 or Stx2 types. Finally, the levels of sensitivity of stx-negative E. coli O26:H11 to six Stx phages differed among the 17 strains tested and our attempts to convert them into STEC were unsuccessful, indicating that their lysogenization was a rare event.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Heterogeneity in Induction Level, Infection Ability, and Morphology of Shiga Toxin-Encoding Phages (Stx Phages) from Dairy and Human Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O26:H11 Isolates

Bonanno

Petit

Loukiadis

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Recent studies aimed at optimizing phage particles (PPs) extraction from stool samples have reported higher PP counts than previously thought. Individuals have between 10 9 –10 10 particles per gram of feces (dry weight) compared to 10 11 –10 12 bacteria [56,57]. In fact, Hoyles et al hypothesized that due to inefficiency in the purification process, the actual phage concentration in feces could range between 10 10 –10 12 particles/g of feces [57].…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Adult Gut Phage Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals have between 10 9 –10 10 particles per gram of feces (dry weight) compared to 10 11 –10 12 bacteria [56,57]. In fact, Hoyles et al hypothesized that due to inefficiency in the purification process, the actual phage concentration in feces could range between 10 10 –10 12 particles/g of feces [57]. A significant number of these phages are associated with the mucosal gut membrane [58,59].…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Adult Gut Phage Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Gut Phage Community and Its Implications for Health and Disease

Manrique

Dills

Young

2017

Viruses

199

177

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In this review, we assess our current understanding of the role of bacteriophages infecting the human gut bacterial community in health and disease. In general, bacteriophages contribute to the structure of their microbial communities by driving host and viral diversification, bacterial evolution, and by expanding the functional diversity of ecosystems. Gut bacteriophages are an ensemble of unique and shared phages in individuals, which encompass temperate phages found predominately as prophage in gut bacteria (prophage reservoir) and lytic phages. In healthy individuals, only a small fraction of the prophage reservoir is activated and found as extracellular phages. Phage community dysbiosis is characterized by a shift in the activated prophage community or an increase of lytic phages, and has been correlated with disease, suggesting that a proper balance between lysis and lysogeny is needed to maintain health. Consequently, the concept of microbial dysbiosis might be extended to the phage component of the microbiome as well. Understanding the dynamics and mechanisms to restore balance after dysbiosis is an active area of research. The use of phage transplants to re-establish health suggests that phages can be used as disease treatment. Such advances represent milestones in our understanding of gut phages in human health and should fuel research on their role in health and disease.

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“…[18][19][20] Bacteriophages are omnipresent in the environment, including the human GIT in which they are at least as numerous as bacteria. 21,22 Unlike antibiotics, they are highly specific, infecting only a limited number of strains within a given bacterial species, and have therefore,a much smaller impact on the composition of the microbiota. [23][24][25] In this study, we evaluated the potential of bacteriophages to decrease intestinal colonisation with AIEC bacteria, in wild-type and CEACAM6-expressing mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages targeting adherent invasive Escherichia coli strains as a promising new treatment for Crohn's disease

Galtier

Sordi

Sivignon

et al. 2017

ECCOJC

115

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Background and Aims: Adherent invasive Escherichia coli [AIEC] are abnormally predominant on the ileal mucosa of Crohn's disease [CD] patients. They bind to the CEACAM6 receptor expressed on the surface of epithelial cells. We aimed to assess the potential of bacteriophages, viruses infecting bacteria, to decrease the levels of AIEC bacteria associated with the intestinal mucosa. Methods: We combined ex vivo and in vivo experiments with murine and human intestinal samples to quantify the ability of virulent bacteriophages to target the prototype AIEC strain LF82. Results: We found that three virulent bacteriophages were able to replicate in ileal, caecal and colonic sections and faeces homogenates from murine gut samples colonised with the prototype AIEC strain LF82. A single day of per os treatment with the three bacteriophages cocktail given to LF82-colonised CEABAC10 transgenic mice, expressing the human CEACAM6 receptor for AIEC, decreased significantly the number of AIEC in faeces and in the adherent flora of intestinal sections. In addition, a single dose of the cocktail reduced dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis symptoms on conventional mice colonised with the strain LF82 over a 2-week period. The cocktail targeted also LF82 bacteria in homogenates of ileal biopsies taken from CD patients.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that bacteriophages are a new treatment option for targeting AIEC in CD patients and represent a strong basis for a clinical trial evaluation.

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Characterization of virus-like particles associated with the human faecal and caecal microbiota

Abstract: 24This work represents an investigation into the presence, abundance and diversity of

Cited by 163 publications

References 27 publications

Heterogeneity in Induction Level, Infection Ability, and Morphology of Shiga Toxin-Encoding Phages (Stx Phages) from Dairy and Human Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O26:H11 Isolates

Heterogeneity in Induction Level, Infection Ability, and Morphology of Shiga Toxin-Encoding Phages (Stx Phages) from Dairy and Human Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O26:H11 Isolates

The Human Gut Phage Community and Its Implications for Health and Disease

Bacteriophages targeting adherent invasive Escherichia coli strains as a promising new treatment for Crohn's disease

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