Evidence of Lagos Bat Virus Circulation among Nigerian Fruit Bats

Dzikwi, A. A.; Kuzmin, Ivan I.; Umoh, J. U.; Kwaga, J. K. P.; Ahmad, A. A.; Rupprecht, Charles E.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-46.1.267

Cited by 38 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A small proportion (≤11%) of the bat serum neutralised more than one of the lyssaviruses which is notable. It is probable that some of the ptMOKV neutralisation observed is due to cross-reaction with LBV VNAb as this has been reported previously from this species in Kenya and Nigeria (Dzikwi et al, 2010;Kuzmin et al, 2008a). However, we detected four serum samples which neutralised ptMOKV but not ptLBV and 11 with a higher VNAb titre against ptMOKV than ptLBV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Given that such diversity exists in Africa, it has been hypothesised that early evolution and divergence of lyssaviruses occurred in African bats (Nel and Rupprecht, 2007). Recently, surveillance programs and greater access to serosurveillance techniques have resulted in the discovery of a high seroprevalence against LBV in West (3-37%) and East (29-67%) African fruit bats (Dzikwi et al, 2010;Hayman et al, 2008a;Kuzmin et al, 2008a). WCBV has not been isolated from bats in Africa, the only isolation of WCBV was from Miniopterus bats in the West Caucasus (Botvinkin et al, 2003), however a high seroprevalence of anti-WCBV antibodies was detected in African Miniopterus when the appropriate study was undertaken (Kuzmin et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virus neutralising activity of African fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) sera against emerging lyssaviruses

et al. 2010

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It is likely that phylogroup 2 lyssaviruses circulate within bat reservoirs. We adapted a pseudotype (pt) neutralisation assay (PNA) to a multiplex format enabling serosurveillance for Lagos bat virus (LBV), Mokola virus (MOKV) and West Caucasian bat virus (WCBV) in a potential reservoir, the African straw-coloured fruit bat, Eidolon helvum. Highly correlated titres were observed between single and multiplex PNAs using ptLBV and ptMOKV (r=0.97, p<0.0001), validating its use for bat serosurveillance. Of the bat serum samples screened 56% neutralised ptLBV, 27% ptMOKV and 1% ptWCBV. Mean VNAb titres were 1:266, 1:35 and 1:7 against ptLBV, ptMOKV and ptWCBV respectively. The high seroprevalence estimates suggest that the infection rate of LBV in E. helvum remains high enough to persist in this species. This supports the hypothesis that LBV is endemic in Ghanaian E. helvum and we speculate that LBV may have co-evolved with African megachiroptera.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus neutralising activity of African fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) sera against emerging lyssaviruses

et al. 2010

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“…Lyssaviruses have a strong association with bats and it seems peculiar that MOKV may be the only exception in this regard - among all the other members of the genus. Indeed, virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA), neutralizing both LBV and MOKV have been detected in sera from frugivorous bats ( Rousettus aegyptiacus and Eidolon helvum ) [54], [55], [56]. However, belonging to the same phylogroup II, LBV and MOKV have been reported to cross react in serological assays [7], [24], [45], [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Epidemiology of Mokola Virus

et al. 2013

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Mokola virus (MOKV) appears to be exclusive to Africa. Although the first isolates were from Nigeria and other Congo basin countries, all reports over the past 20 years have been from southern Africa. Previous phylogenetic studies analyzed few isolates or used partial gene sequence for analysis since limited sequence information is available for MOKV and the isolates were distributed among various laboratories. The complete nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, matrix and glycoprotein genes of 18 MOKV isolates in various laboratories were sequenced either using partial or full genome sequencing using pyrosequencing and a phylogenetic analysis was undertaken. The results indicated that MOKV isolates from the Republic of South Africa, Zimbabwe, Central African Republic and Nigeria clustered according to geographic origin irrespective of the genes used for phylogenetic analysis, similar to that observed with Lagos bat virus. A Bayesian Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo- (MCMC) analysis revealed the age of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of MOKV to be between 279 and 2034 years depending on the genes used. Generally, all MOKV isolates showed a similar pattern at the amino acid sites considered influential for viral properties.

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“…Besides the original LBV isolation from a straw coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) in Nigeria in 1956, LBV infections were reported from several African countries, including detections in bat species, dogs, cats and one water mongoose (Banyard et al, 2013). Analysis of the virus phylogeny suggests the existence of four major LBV genetic lineages, with genetic distances between lineages being greater than those described for other lyssavirus species Kuzmin et al, 2010). Serosurveys indicate the circulation of LBV in various fruit bat species in Africa (Table 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%