Evidence and implications of groundwater mining in the Lusaka urban aquifers

Mpamba, Ngosa Howard; Hussen, A. A.; Kangomba, S.; Nkhuwa, D.C.W.; Nyambe, Imasiku; Mdala, C; Wohnlich, Stefan; Shibasaki, Naoaki

doi:10.1016/j.pce.2008.06.015

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Alternatively, Zambia enjoys higher water resources per capita terms though resource endowment bears little association with the importance of water conservation benefits as ranked by Kenyan and Zambian participants. Given their urban focus, the water conservation benefits identified by Zambian participants may well be linked to the increasing awareness to unsustainable groundwater abstraction in the aquifer serving Lusaka (Mpamba et al, 2008) though in relative terms this is minor compared to the water resource challenges facing Kenya. For example, in Nairobi piped water demand outstrips supply by 120,000 m 3 per day, a deficit that could be addressed in the short term by reducing the estimated 46 per cent losses in nonrevenue water rather than investing in storage infrastructure to capture increasingly, unpredictable water resources.…”

Section: Prospects For Water Security In Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing mobile communications innovations for water security

et al. 2012

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Water security aims to provide safe, reliable, affordable and sufficient water for people, agriculture, industry and ecosystems, subject to societal choices across related trade‐offs and risks. Managing resource risks, delivering effective governance, promoting financial sustainability and achieving social equity are central to achieving water security. We explore how innovations in mobile communications have created an inclusive, secure and low cost architecture for financial and data flows to reduce risk and enhance water security. In Africa, water security challenges associated with climate extremes and population growth outstripping improved water services’ access are juxtaposed with its global lead in mobile commerce innovations, including mobile water payments. Market driven expansion of mobile network coverage and low cost, mobile handsets mean more Africans will be connected to mobile phone services than those receiving improved water services in 2012. The confluence of rapid mobile network expansion, mobile phone ownership, mobile water payments and smart metering technologies offer new policy pathways to water security to accelerate progress on sustainable, safe water access, particularly for those in the greatest need and those most difficult to reach. We chart emerging mobile water innovations in Africa and policy implications in the region and beyond. Policy Implications Mobile communication innovations offer an inclusive, secure and low cost architecture for financial and data flows that can reduce or share risk to enhance water security. The confluence of mobile network coverage, mobile phone ownership, mobile water payments and smart water metering technologies has significant but uncharted potential to enhance water security. Innovations are being driven by the commercial interests of mobile network operators with the distributional impacts and implications yet to be evaluated or shaped by policy and governance regimes. Living in rural and remote areas may no longer be synonymous with a higher risk of water insecurity as mobile connectivity could permit innovative management models at scale.

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Section: Prospects For Water Security In Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing mobile communications innovations for water security

et al. 2012

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“…Groundwater recharge occurs primarily from November to April averaging 186 mm/yr, which is 27% of the annual rainfall (De Waele and Follesa, 2003;Nyambe and Maseka, 2000). Groundwater flow is generally southeast to northwest through Lusaka with branches of flow to the northeast and southwest (Museteka & Bäumle, 2009;Mpamba et al, 2008;Von Hoyer et al, 1978). These general, large-scale flow directions, however, are not definitive in a karstic system.…”

Section: Geology and Hydrogeology Of The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lusaka sits on a plateau about 1,280 m above sea level (Bäumle & Kang'omba, 2012). The city area is underlain by a thick sequence of metasedimentary rocks of the Katanga Supergroup (Figure 1) (Maseka & Nyambe, 1999; Mpamba et al, 2008). The lowest geological unit is the Chunga Formation that comprises crystalline rock of low permeability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Water Quality and Provision in Six Low‐Income, Peri‐Urban Communities of Lusaka, Zambia

et al. 2020

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Lusaka, Zambia, is a rapidly growing city located on a vulnerable karstic dolomite aquifer that provides most of the city's drinking water. Over 65% of residents live in peri‐urban communities with inadequate sanitation leading to widespread groundwater contamination and the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera. To fill the water service gap, Water Trusts were created: public/private partnerships designed to provide clean water to peri‐urban community residents. Water Trusts extract groundwater via boreholes, treat it with chlorine, and distribute it to residents via public kiosks. We investigated the efficacy of drinking water provision to residents in six of Lusaka's peri‐urban communities with Water Trusts. Water samples were collected from Water Trust boreholes and kiosks, privately owned boreholes, and shallow wells during four sampling efforts. To assess potential risk to human health, water samples were analyzed for Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and nitrate. Shallow wells were significantly more contaminated with E. coli than Water Trust boreholes, kiosks, and private boreholes (Tukey‐adjusted p values of 9.9 × 10 −6 ). Shallow wells and private boreholes had significantly higher nitrate‐N concentrations (mean of 29.6 mg/L) than the Water Trust boreholes and kiosks (mean of 8.8 mg/L) ( p value = 1.1 × 10 −4 ). In 2016, a questionnaire was distributed to Water Trust managers to assess their ability to meet demands. In the six communities studied, Water Trusts served only about 60% of their residents. Water Trusts provide a much safer alternative to shallow wells with respect to nitrate and E. coli , but they struggle to keep pace with growing demand.

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“…According to De Waele et al [40], there are 3000-4000 private boreholes in Lusaka, most of which are not submitted to satisfactory monitoring. The water levels are threatened as well, by both over-abstraction following population growth and lack of rainfall; consequently abstraction is exceeding recharge [38,41]. Overall groundwater data has been identified as nonexistent or inadequate, as there is a lack of collaboration between all stakeholders [30].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were approximately 30 min long and relied on a list of questions as a basis for discussion. Two main topics were addressed that cover key decision-points, based on the aspects identified by Mpamba et al [41]: (1) borehole siting and drilling; and (2) on-going water levels and quality monitoring. The questions were targeted at characterising the participant's background, his/her understanding of information required for groundwater management, what information sources were used, what data was collected and what improvements the participant would like to see.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Data Management by Water Service Providers in Peri-Urban Areas of Lusaka

Nussbaumer

Sutton

Parker

2016

Water

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Abstract:Groundwater management by water service providers in Lusaka, Zambia, includes borehole siting, drilling and on-going monitoring. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Lusaka Water and Sewerage Company (LWSC) and devolved Water Trust managers, in order to assess their needs and collect their suggestions to improve data management. The research found that both the Water Trusts and LWSC lacked the capacity to fully utilize hydrogeological information. Prior to the research, none of the ten Water Trusts collected water level data. Four have started to collect data recently and another four have plans to, and they would like to share this data more widely.

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Evidence and implications of groundwater mining in the Lusaka urban aquifers

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Harnessing mobile communications innovations for water security

Harnessing mobile communications innovations for water security

Drinking Water Quality and Provision in Six Low‐Income, Peri‐Urban Communities of Lusaka, Zambia

Groundwater Data Management by Water Service Providers in Peri-Urban Areas of Lusaka

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