Evaluation of the Statolith Function by Measurement of Ocular Counterrolling?

Abstract

Ocular counterrolling (OCR) induced by lateroflexion, whole body roll, eccentric rotation or translational acceleration has been explored and promoted as an indicator of the vestibular statolith function. Quantification of eye torsion induced by stimulation of the statolith organ has recently become available for broad clinical application thanks to the development of video nystagmography. The most simple way and maybe clinically the most attractive procedure to induce OCR could have been by changing the orientation of the statolith system relative to the gravitation vector, i.e. by lateroflexion of the head. However, irrespective of the visual condition, irrespective of the type of head roll, static or dynamic, OCR showed considerable inter- and intravariability. Findings in healthy subjects and patients indicate that according to our current insight, measurement of OCR induced by lateroflexion or whole body roll has a limited sensitivity and specificity. The normal range of OCR in healthy subjects is large (4.5–9.0% and could be interpreted as a functional asymmetry in statolith function that does not really exist. At present there are insufficient clinical data available to judge the clinical relevance of this test. OCR induced by sideward translations has the advantage over the previously described techniques that it allows an evaluation of the frequency characteristics of the statolith function. Major problems with this technique are that the equipment required is complex and expensive, that a appropriate head fixation is difficult and that responses are quite small. So far, the scarce clinical data do not yet point to a clear clinical relevance of this approach.

Perception Threshold for Tilt

“…This results in different signals from the left and right utricle, which might centrally be processed differently (inhibited?) than equivalent head or body tilts (43). Bilateral centrifugation: the chair was translated 50 cm to the right, and subthreshold accelerated at 0.4 degrees per second squared up to 97.5 degrees per second.…”

Self-motion perception training: thresholds improve in the light but not in the dark

“…The VOR has been thoroughly investigated to better understand the vestibular input to oculomotor mechanisms (e.g., Kingma et al 2001). Interestingly, changes in VOR characteristics such as a lower gain (ratio between compensatory slow phase eye velocity and head angular velocity) have been found in ice skaters (Alpini et al 2009; Tanguy et al 2008), ballet dancers (Osterhammel et al 1968; Tschiassny 1957), and gymnasts (Quarck and Denise 2005).…”

Thresholds for perception of direction of linear acceleration as a possible evaluation of the otolith function

“…Many methods have been proposed to try and evaluate otolith function: ocular counter-rolling (OCR) induced by lateroflexion, whole body roll, eccentric rotation and translational acceleration have all been explored and promoted as indicators of vestibular otolith function [1]. However, these methods showed poor sensitivity and specificity, thereby preventing a sound clinical application [1].…”

“…However, these methods showed poor sensitivity and specificity, thereby preventing a sound clinical application [1]. …”