Evaluation of the simulated physiological oocyte maturation (SPOM) system on F1 Gyr × Holstein oocytes and embryos

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the simulated physiological oocyte maturation (SPOM) system on F1 Gyr × Holstein oocytes and embryos by evaluating the meiotic arrest, embryo production rates, total number of cells and lipid score. Three experiments were conducted and the following three experimental groups were formed according to in vitro maturation (IVM) treatments: CONTROL 1 (TCM 199 medium without FBS), CONTROL 2 (commercial medium) and SPOM (TCM 199 medium with forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) in pre-IVM and extended IVM with cilostamide). In the first experiment (ovum pick-up), a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the percentage of matured oocytes in SPOM group was observed. In the second (slaughterhouse ovaries) and third (ovum pickup) experiments, the cleavage and blastocyst rates were reduced (P < 0.05) in the SPOM group. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in total number of cells among the groups. No difference (P > 0.05) was found on lipid score among the groups at Day 7 of development, in both Experiments 2 and 3. At Day 9 (Experiment 2), only the CONTROL 2 showed a significant increase (P > 0.05) compared with the other treatments. It was concluded that under our conditions, the SPOM system was efficient in prolonging meiotic arrest on Gyr × Holstein oocytes, offering the oocytes in vitro conditions more similar to those found in vivo; however, it adversely affected embryo production rates and promoted no beneficial effect on the total number of cells and the lipid score.

The role of forskolin as a lipolytic stimulator during in vitro oocyte maturation and the in vitro embryo production of livestock

“…In equine, the addition of both forskolin (50 μM) and IBMX (100 μM) in the pre‐maturation medium tended to improve the maturation rate of equine oocyte (37% vs. 25%), however without significant effect (Metcalf et al., 2020). Furthermore, it has been reported that forskolin supplemented to the pre‐maturation medium in bovine and pigs can increase oocyte cAMP levels (Park, Lee, et al., 2016), decrease intra‐oocyte H 2 O 2 and increase intra‐oocyte glutathione and maintain meiotic arrest (Leal et al., 2019). A high level of forskolin in the culture medium produced a superior apoptosis rate, leading to lower quality of oocytes (Wu et al., 2020).…”

Combined use of dbcAMP and IBMX minimizes the damage induced by a long‐term artificial meiotic arrest in mouse germinal vesicle oocytes

“…Forskolin is an AC activator that stimulates the production of cAMP (Thomas, Thompson, Armstrong, & Gilchrist, 2004). Forskolin can increase oocyte cAMP concentrations (Park et al, 2016), maintain meiotic arrest (Albuz et al, 2010; Leal et al, 2019), improve embryonic development (Albuz et al, 2010; Park et al, 2016), increase intra‐oocyte glutathione and decrease intra‐oocyte H 2 O 2 (Li et al, 2016). The dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) molecule is a membrane‐permeable analog of cAMP that mimics the function of endogenous cAMP.…”