Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of chrysin via modulation of endogenous biomarkers in a rat model of spinal cord injury

Abstract

The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of chrysin in an experimental rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by placing an aneurysm clip extradurally for 60 s at T10. The rats received treatment with either vehicle (SCI control) or chrysin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o.) for 28 days. The various behavioral, biochemical and molecular parameters were determined. Chronic treatment with chrysin (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently (P < 0.05) attenuated the decrease in body weight, urine output, footprint analysis, sperm count and organ weight (testis, seminal vesicle and urinary bladder). It significantly improved (P < 0.05) the nociceptive threshold, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity. The decreased activity of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and membrane-bound inorganic phosphate were significantly (P < 0.05) restored by chrysin treatment. SCI resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in lipid peroxidase, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, and bax whereas expression of bcl-2 and caspase-3 were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced. These changes were significantly reduced by treatment with chrysin (20 and 40 mg/kg, P < 0.05). Histological aberration induced after SCI in spinal cord, testis, kidney and urinary bladder were restored by treatment with chrysin (20 and 40 mg/kg). In conclusion, chrysin is a potential flavone-possessing antioxidant and its antiapoptotic property caused the subsequent recovery of both motor and sensory functions via modulation of endogenous biomarkers and neuronal apoptosis to inhibit the incidence of neurological deficits due to SCI.

Ameliorative effect of berberine against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction

“…20,[31][32][33] Briefly, single-stranded cDNA was synthesized from 5 lg of total cellular RNA using reverse transcriptase (MP Biomedicals India Private Limited, India) as described previously. 20 Amplification of b-actin served as a control for sample loading and integrity. The primer sequences for KIM-1, NGAL, NF-kB, Bcl-2, and bactin were selected according to the previously reported method 15 (Supplementary material).…”

Wound healing potential of naringin ointment formulation via regulating the expression of inflammatory, apoptotic and growth mediators in experimental rats

“…The levels of mRNA were analyzed in skin tissue using a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR approach as described previously (Kandhare et al, 2014b;Visnagri et al, 2014). The primer sequences for tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b), IL-6, IL-8, smad-3, smad-7, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-jB), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pol g, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), and b-actin are presented in Table 1.…”

“…The levels of mRNA were analyzed in skin tissue using a RT-PCR approach as described previously (Kandhare et al, 2014b;Visnagri et al, 2014). The primer sequences for collagen-1 and b-actin are presented in Table 1.…”

Chrysin inhibits foam cell formation through promoting cholesterol efflux from RAW264.7 macrophages

“…Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid that is widely present in honey, propolis, and plant extracts (Ahad et al, 2014;Kandhare et al, 2014;Pietta, 2000). A bulk of studies have shown that chrysin possesses diverse pharmacological activities including antivirus (Wang et al, 2014), antioxidant (Sultana et al, 2012), anti-tumor (Yu et al, 2013b), anxiolytic (Zanoli et al, 2000), neuroprotection (Kandhare et al, 2014), and anti-diabetes (Ahad et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014).…”

“…A bulk of studies have shown that chrysin possesses diverse pharmacological activities including antivirus (Wang et al, 2014), antioxidant (Sultana et al, 2012), anti-tumor (Yu et al, 2013b), anxiolytic (Zanoli et al, 2000), neuroprotection (Kandhare et al, 2014), and anti-diabetes (Ahad et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014). Various mechanisms are involved in chrysinmediated health benefits such as attenuation of inflammation (Rehman et al, 2013), alleviation of oxidative stress (Mantawy et al, 2014), and induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (Rashid et al, 2014).…”