Evaluation of the genotoxic activity of ethanol extract and secondary metabolites isolated from Aiouea trinervis Meisn. (Lauraceae)

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Aiouea trinervis Meisn. is a shrub that grows in the "Cerrado" (a savanna ecosystem) of Brazil. In this study, fractionation of ethanol extracts (EEs) from the leaves of A. trinervis led to the isolation of butanolides, namely isoobtusilactone A and obtusilactone A, as well as lignans, namely sesamin, methylpiperitol, and polyprenol-12. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The genotoxic properties were evaluated for mutagenic and recombinogenic effects using the wing spot test (somatic mutation and recombination test, SMART) on Drosophila melanogaster. The standard and high bioactivation crosses were used. The latter cross is characterized by high sensitivity to promutagens and procarcinogens. EEs were evaluated at concentrations of 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 mg/mL. Butanolides (isoobtusilactone A and obtusilactone A) were evaluated at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/mL. The results observed in both crosses were similar and indicated that EEs from the leaves of A. trinervis did not show genotoxicity at the Evaluation of the genotoxic activity of Aiouea trinervis doses that were used. However, the individuals resulting from standard and high bioactivation crosses that were treated with isoobtusilactone A and obtusilactone A showed statistically significant increases in mutant spots compared to those that were obtained in the negative control. Similar results were obtained between standard and high bioactivation crosses, indicating that butanolides had a genotoxic activity.

The Chemical Diversity from the Vegetation of Mato Grosso do Sul and its Relevance as a Source of Bioactive Molecules

“…As cumarinas fraxidina (15), fraxidina-8-O-β-D-glucopiranosídeo (16) e escopoletina (5) e triglicerídeos com alto teor de ácidos palmítico, oleico e linoleico também foram obtidos, mas nenhum se mostrou ativo. Do extrato inativo das folhas foram isolados quercetina (17), quercitrina (18) e kaempferol-3-O--L-ramnopiranosídeo (19). 15 Aiouea trinervis Meisn., um arbusto encontrado no Cerrado, é considerada uma espécie com risco de extinção.…”