Evaluation of the Discriminative Potential of a Novel Biomarker for Estradiol Treatments in Bovine Animals

Abstract

The endogenous occurrence of natural hormones obstructs the application of classical targeted methods as confirmatory options. In the case of estradiol, the ultimate confirmation of its exogenous administration relies on gas chromatography coupled to combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C/IRMS). A serum dipeptide composed of pyroglutamic acid and phenylalanine was identified as a potential biomarker of estradiol treatments in adult cows. To evaluate its potential to pinpoint suspicious samples, samples from prepubertal females under different estrogenic treatments have been analyzed. The results confirmed the up-regulation of the dipeptide in adult bovines. The 2-week-old females exhibited short-lasting responses only in a few animals. The 6-month-old female showed a delayed but clear increase on the biomarker level. The composition of the anabolic preparations, the dose, and/or the administration route are possible additional reasons for the reduced response in young animals. A comparison to previous results reported by various researchers is included.

Surface Modification of Cardiovascular Stent Material 316L SS with Estradiol-Loaded Poly (trimethylene carbonate) Film for Better Biocompatibility

“…For pro-endothelial drugs or factors, there are many choices, such as fibronectin [20], laminin [21], collagen [22], peptides [23] and specific antibodies [24], but most of these drugs or proteins are hydrosoluble, which may lead to initial burst release after loading and implantation, but which is not a favorable durative pro-endothelial property. Estradiol is the most active estrogen that can be secreted by both men and women [25]. It has been proven to contribute to the growth of various cells, such as epithelial, osteocyte and sexual cells [26,27,28], while until now its specific contribution to promoting cardiovascular material surface endothelialization has still not been reported.…”

“…It has been proven to contribute to the growth of various cells, such as epithelial, osteocyte and sexual cells [26,27,28], while until now its specific contribution to promoting cardiovascular material surface endothelialization has still not been reported. Most important of all, estradiol is only alcohol soluble [25], which may create a persistent drug release from the PTMC after implantation. Therefore, in this contribution, we make a bold attempt to prepare estradiol-loaded PTMC film (PTMC-E5), place it on to the stainless steel (316L SS) surface of the cardiovascular stent, and evaluate the film’s function in improving 316L SS biocompatibility, including hemocompatibility, anti-hyperplasia, anti-inflammation and pro-endothelializaiton.…”

Morphological Examination and Transcriptomic Profiling To Identify Prednisolone Treatment in Beef Cattle

“…For many years several research groups have attempted to identify molecular markers useful to detect different anabolic treatments in cattle [27][28][29][30][31] . The usefulness of histological analyses on thymus morphology as a screening tool to identify illegal DEX treatments in cattle was already established [6][7][8][9][10] .…”

The potential of circulating extracellular small RNAs (smexRNA) in veterinary diagnostics—Identifying biomarker signatures by multivariate data analysis

“…Since recently, veterinary drug abuse can be detected by finding endogenous molecular biomarkers on the transcriptomic, proteomic or metabolomic level that indirectly indicate exogenous physiological modifications [3] . With the objective of controlling veterinary drug abuse, metabolomics approaches have so far shown to be effective in detecting growth-promotor abuse in bovines [4] , [5] , [6] , and in racehorses [7] , [8] . Rapid technological advancements in these “-omics” sciences allow now a comprehensive high-throughput screening for differentially expressed biomarkers.…”