Evaluation of the antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized through the interaction of antibiotic and aqueous callus extract of Fagonia indica

Abstract

Fagonia indica is a widely known medicinal plant. The extracts of Fagonia species contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids. Silver nanoparticles are known for antibacterial properties. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized using the callus extract of F. indica as a reducing agent. Characterization through different techniques suggests that the AgNPs absorbed light and gave SPR peaks at 414 nm while in case of ciprofloxacin supplemented callus mediated AgNPs the peak were recorded at 419 nm. Furthermore, FTIR analysis revealed the role of amides, acyl group, nitro group of callus extract of F. indica , and some functional groups of the ciprofloxacin in the reduction process as well as the capping and stabilization of AgNPs. Similarly, X-Ray Diffraction analysis indicate the structure of AgNPs as face-centered cubic crystalline particles. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs and ciprofloxacin and callus extract as control against resistant bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Citrobacter amalonaticus , Shigella sonnei , and Salmonella typhi was studied. The combination of AgNPs and antibiotic showed better antibacterial activity as compared to AgNPs alone and ciprofloxacin alone. Maximum inhibition zone of E. coli , C. amalonaticus , S. sonnei , and S. typhi in response to AgNPs and ciprofloxacin was 38.5 mm, 35.5 mm, 33 mm, and 35.5 mm, respectively. It can, therefore, be suggested that the AgNPs along with Ciprofloxacin might have worked in interaction and resulted in better antibacterial activity against all the tested pathogens.

Phytofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Pharmaceutical Capabilities Using Otostegia persica (Burm.) Boiss. Leaf Extract

“…In the FTIR spectrum in the range from 500 to 4000 cm −1 of such phytofabricated AgNPs, the following absorption peaks were observed: 3421, 2923, 1755, 1661, 1524, 1376, 1254, 1048, and 697 cm −1 . These absorption peaks were attributed to the O-H stretching vibrations (3421 cm −1 ) in alcohols, phenols, and flavonoids compounds [28], the C-H stretching vibrations (2923 cm −1 ) of aromatic compounds [27], the C=O stretching vibrations (1755 cm −1 ) for carbonyl compounds [29], the N-H stretching vibrations (1661 cm −1 ) of amide (I) in proteins [30], the C=C stretching vibrations (1524 cm −1 ) of aromatic compounds [31], the C-H stretching vibrations (1376 cm −1 ) in methylene moieties [32], the C-N stretching vibrations (1254 cm −1 ) of aliphatic amines [33], the C-O stretching vibrations (1048 cm −1 ) in alcohols and phenols [34], and finally, the C-H bonding vibrations (697 cm −1 ) of aromatic compounds [35]. In the FTIR spectrum of the O. persica leaf extract, the corresponding absorption peaks were observed at 3417, 2917, 2843, 1742, 1653, 1510, 1442, 1375, 1246, 1044, and 694 cm −1 , and as before related to the appropriate vibrations of the O-H, C-H, C-H, C=O, N-H, C=C, -OH, C-H, C-N, C-O, and C-H groups, respectively.…”

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ipomoea aquatica leaf extract and its cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity assay

“…In this work, AgNO 3 solution was used as a precursor source of Ag + ions for the synthesis of IA-AgNPs and Ipomoea aquatica leaf extract was used to reduce the Ag + to Ag 0 as well as to cape or stabilize the AgNPs. The reduction of Ag + to Ag 0 was observed by a definite color change from greenish yellow to dark brown, indicating the formation of AgNPs (88). Furthermore, the UV-VIS spectrophotometry also demonstrated the evidence for the formation of AgNPs showing a characteristic absorption maxima (λ max ) at the wavelength of 433 nm.…”

A Green, Simple and Facile Way to Synthesize Silver Nanoparticles Using Soluble Starch. pH Studies and Antimicrobial Applications

“…At the wavenumber 1352 cm −1 , a peak specific to the vibration of the carboxyl group COOH appears, which is highlighted only in the Ag-NPs spectrum. This vibration is due to the binding of the Ag-NPs to the surface through the carboxyl group, and according to the literature data, this is specific to the synthesis of Ag-NPs [ 12 , 16 , 17 , 53 ].…”