Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Ag- and Au-Nanoparticles Loaded TiO₂ Nanotubes

Abstract

Current research on the antibacterial properties of implant surfaces has focused on using titanium nanotubes (TNTs) with diameters of 100 and 200 nm, which simultaneously show the best antibacterial properties, poor osseointegration, and ability to immobilize proteins. Therefore, the research aimed to develop an implantable material based on titanium dioxide nanotubes with a diameter of 50 nm doped with silver (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), indicating good absorption and antibacterial properties. Moreover, metallic nanoparticles deposited by varying methods should maintain sphericity and lack of agglomeration. For this purpose, the surface charge, wettability, stability of nanoparticles, and antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, i. e., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , were performed. Obtained results indicate a greater resistance to leaching of silver nanoparticles compared to gold nanoparticles. These results are reflected in microbiological studies, both into the time and the effectiveness of the implantable material's antibacterial activity. A greater antibacterial effect of AgNPs than AuNPs has been confirmed. Also, AgNPs inhibit the multiplication of Gram-negative bacteria to a greater extent than Gram-positive bacteria. It has been proven that the TNT platforms deposited with metal nanoparticles via the voltammetric method are more effective in deactivating microorganisms. Besides, the results have proven that smaller TNTs effectively reduce live bacteria as nanotubes with a diameter of 100 and 200 nm.

Nanotechnology Involved in Treating Urinary Tract Infections: An Overview

“…The Ag and Au NPs were chosen because of their effective antibacterial activity and also because of the very small amount of Ag released and negative cytotoxicity. With the help of the stent’s self-cleaning capabilities, the contact surface implanted with Ag@Au NPs is constantly renewed and the debris is also removed [ 185 , 186 ]. In vitro tests showed that the Ag@Au NP-embedded ureteral stents were effective against Escherichia coli (growth inhibition over 90%) and Sthapylococcus aureus (growth inhibition of 99.99%).…”

Antibacterial Ti–Cu implants: A critical review on mechanisms of action

“…The antimicrobial agents are released upon implant insertion into the body, thereby resulting in proficient localized drug delivery. The antibacterial agents that have been typically used in this area include metal ions such as silver (Ag + ) [ 66 , 67 ], zinc (Zn 2+ ) [ 68 ], and copper (Cu 2+ ) [ 69 ], antibiotics like rifampin [ 70 ], bactericidal polymers such as polyelectrolyte multilayers [ 71 ] and chitosan [ 72 ], and antimicrobial peptides (AMP) like GL13K [ 73 ] and Mel4 [ 74 ].…”

Overview of Antibacterial Strategies of Dental Implant Materials for the Prevention of Peri-Implantitis

“…Mesoporous structures are used as matrices of local drug delivery system, as there are pores with controllable textural properties and volume, which can load various antibacterial drugs. , NTs, in addition to having excellent antiadhesion properties, endow surfaces with the ability to load, store, and release bactericides because of the tubular structures. Antibiotics, AMPs, and metal nanoparticles are antimicrobial agents used in combination with TNTs and have good antimicrobial effects. − To improve the antibacterial ability of drug-loaded NTs surfaces, researchers have focused on more broad-spectrum and more efficient antibacterial drugs that can be loaded . TNT coatings can also load different bactericides simultaneously and achieve a synergistic antibacterial function through different bactericidal mechanisms. , Similarly, some bioactive molecules, such as RGD and BMP2, can also be assembled on nanotubes to regulate the osteogenic differentiation and create a suitable environment for osteogenesis. , …”