Evaluation of the acute toxic effect of azoxystrobin on non-target crayfish (<i>Astacus leptodactylus</i> Eschscholtz, 1823) by using oxidative stress enzymes, ATPases and cholinesterase as biomarkers

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Özmen

2021

Pesticide exposure is thought to be one of the common reasons for the decline in amphibian populations, a phenomenon that is a major threat to global biodiversity. Although the single effects of pesticides on amphibians have been well studied, the effects of mixtures are not well known. The present study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of the insecticide thiacloprid and the fungicide trifloxystrobin on early developmental stages of Xenopus laevis using various biochemical markers (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, Na + K + -adenosine triphosphatase [ATPase], Ca 2+ -ATPase, Mg 2+ -ATPase, and total ATPase). The median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of thiacloprid and trifloxystrobin were determined to be 3.41 and 0.09 mg a.i. L -1 , respectively. Tadpoles were exposed to the LC50, LC50/2, LC50/10, LC50/20, LC50/50, and LC50/100 of these pesticides. Both pesticides significantly affected (inhibited/activated) the biomarkers even at low concentrations. The pesticides showed a synergistic effect when applied as a mixture and altered the biomarkers more than when applied individually. In conclusion, we can assume that tadpoles are threatened by these pesticides even at environmentally relevant concentrations. Our findings provide important data to guide management of the ecotoxicological effects of these pesticides on nontarget amphibians.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluating Multiple Biochemical Markers in Xenopus laevis Tadpoles Exposed to the Pesticides Thiacloprid and Trifloxystrobin in Single and Mixed Forms

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Özmen

2021

“…This indicated that GST was induced either by GSH conjugation or by the detoxification of hydroperoxides [ 54 ]. Our result was in parallel with the finding of Nataraj et al [ 54 ], in the liver of L. rohita exposed to profenofos; in the liver of Catla catla exposed to cypermethrin [ 58 ], in the hepatopancreas of Astacuslepto dactylus exposed to azoxystrobin [ 59 ] and in the gill, liver, kidney, brain, heart, and muscle tissue of L. rohita exposed to endosulfan and chlorpyrifos [ 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Assessment of the effect of sub-lethal acute toxicity of Emamectin benzoate in Labeo rohita using multiple biomarker approach

et al. 2022

“…99 This may result in disruption of the active transport mechanism due to altered membrane permeability and impaired Ca 2+ ATPase homeostasis. 98 Similar to our findings, Uçkun and Öz (2020a, 2020b) 51,52 observed that ATPase activities (Na + K + ATPase, Mg 2+ AT-Pase, Ca 2+ ATPase) in gill and muscle tissues decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in two separate studies in which A. leptodactylus applied the fungicides penconazole and azoxystrobin for 96 hours. In our study, the ATPase inhibition rates in the gill were found to be higher than those in the muscle.…”

Section: Ion Transportsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…47 There are many studies in the literature revealing that GST activity increases in aquatic organisms treated with pesticide. [48][49][50][51][52] GR activity decreased significantly in the Thmx applied groups compared to the control. The greatest increase in inhibition was seen at the LC 50 dose, with a rate of approximately 84% compared to the control.…”

Section: 1 Cellular Redox Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Toxicity of Insecticide Thiamethoxam to Crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus): Alterations in Oxidative Stress Markers, ATPases and Cholinesterase

Yoloğlu

et al. 2021

ACSi

Self Cite

Thiamethoxam (Thmx) is a globally used neonicotinoid pesticide contaminated in freshwater ecosystems with residues detected in fishery products. Astacus leptodactylus is a popular freshwater crustacean that is cultivated and exported in many countries. In this study, we investigated the acute toxic effects of Thmx on A. leptodactylus using various biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and adenosinetriphosphatases). The 96-h LC50 value of Thmx was calculated as 8.95 mg active ingredient L–1. As the dose of Thmx increased, oxidative stress was induced by the inhibition/activation of antioxidant enzymes, while the activities of acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase and adenosinetriphosphatases were inhibited. As a result, it can be said that Thmx has highly toxic effects on crayfish, therefore they are under threat in the areas where this pesticide is used.