Evaluation of Tempeh as a Potential Alternative Protein Source in the Diets for Juvenile Tiger Grouper, Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus

Abstract

A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of replacing fishmeal (FM) with tempeh (TMP) in the diets for juvenile tiger grouper (TG), Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. Five isoproteic (50%) and isolipidic (16%) diets containing FM replaced by TMP at 0, 30, 40, 50% (namely TMP0, TMP30, TMP40, TMP50, respectively), and by 30% soybean meal supplemented with phytase (SBM30) were fed to triplicate group of fish (10.09±0.15g). Weight gain (WG) and feed intake (FI) of TMP0 group were significantly higher (201.42% and 1 g fish -1 day -1 , respectively) than those fed with TMP-based diets and SBM30 (P< 0.05). On the other hand, fish fed with TMP40 attained highest WG (165.55%) among all groups fed with TMP-based diets. Despite the poorer WG and FI, TMP40 and TMP50 groups resulted in better feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilization (NPU) (P< 0.05) than other diets. Moderate soybean-induced distal intestine enteritis was observed in all fish fed with diets containing soy protein but signs of inflammation became increased as TMP inclusion level increased. The current findings indicated that TMP could be used as a potential alternative protein source in the diet of TG, preferably with addition of essential amino acids and feed stimulants. 0,30,40, TMP30, TMP40, TMP50) ABSTRAK Satu percubaan pemakanan selama 56 hari telah dijalankan untuk menilai potensi penggunaan tempeh (TMP) sebagai pengganti tepung ikan (FM) dalam diet juvenil kerapu harimau (TG), Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. Lima diet (masing-masing mengandungi 50% protein dan 16% lemak) telah dirumuskan untuk menggantikan FM dalam diet pada aras

Soy protein concentrate as an alternative in replacement of fish meal in the feeds of hybrid grouper, brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) × giant grouper (E. lanceolatus) juvenile

“…This study reported that the FCR of the hybrid grouper fed with SPC‐based feed ranged from 0.83 to 1.31. The FCR value was better than other grouper species (Chor et al., ; García‐Ortega et al., ; Shapawi, Ebi & Yong, ; Shapawi, Ebi, Yong, Chong et al., ). However, increasing the SPC from 30% to 60% led to higher FCR and lower PER and NPU value compared to control and other lower replacement levels.…”

“…In a study that replaced fish meal with FSM and DSM in the feed for brown‐marbled grouper, Chor et al. () discovered that the fish fed with 30%, 40% and 50% of FSM attained lower growth compared to control and feed with 30% of DSM in a 56‐day feeding trial. However, among the FSM‐based feed, brown‐marbled grouper fed with 40% of FSM showed significantly better ( p < .05) growth (Chor et al., ).…”

“…() discovered that the fish fed with 30%, 40% and 50% of FSM attained lower growth compared to control and feed with 30% of DSM in a 56‐day feeding trial. However, among the FSM‐based feed, brown‐marbled grouper fed with 40% of FSM showed significantly better ( p < .05) growth (Chor et al., ). Even though the replacement of fish meal using FSM in the feed resulted on lower growth for brown‐marbled grouper, the 40% replacement level of FSM (Chor et al., ) was higher compared to green grouper ( E. coioides ) which only can tolerate 10% of FSM replacement (Luo et al., ).…”

“…However, increasing DSM level to 40% in the feed significantly lowered the feed intake of brown‐marbled grouper (Shapawi, Ebi & Yong, ). Feeding the fish using FSM significantly reduced the feed intake as the replacement level increased from 0% to 50% (Chor et al., ).…”

“…Parent fish, brown‐marbled grouper was found be able to accept 20%–30% of DSM (Shapawi, Ebi & Yong, ; Shapawi, Ebi, Yong, Chong et al., ). On the other hand, replacement of fish meal with FSM did not improved growth of this species due to its palatability issue (Chor et al., ). However, the acceptance level of SPC by the hybrid grouper remains unclear.…”