Evaluation of sustained ciprofloxacin release of biodegradable electrospun gelatin/poly(glycerol sebacate) mat membranes for wound dressing applications

Abstract

In this research, gelatin and poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS), which have demonstrated significantly developed wound healing process, were used to fabricate biodegradable and bioabsorbable membranes with controlled release of ciprofloxacin (CIP) as a powerful antibiotic. This was achieved by taking advantage of electrospinning technique to accelerate the wound healing as an extracellular matrix-liked composite membrane. We attempted to carefully investigate the impact of variable ratio of sebacic acid and glycerol as components of PGS and identified CIP-loaded cross-linked membrane (CIP-M 11 ) as an optimum membrane, although a significant change in structural properties of samples was not observed. The physicochemical properties of drug-loaded electrospun wound cover were evaluated by several characterization tests.Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed that CIP-embedded gelatin/PGS membrane was successfully synthesized and cross-linked properly. The CIP-M 11 sample showed a constant and uniform degradation rate with the capacity of durable drug release over the time period. The excellent antibacterial activity of CIP decreased the population of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and prevented bacterial infections. The cytocompatibility of membranes was completely proven by culturing L929 fibroblast cells on the prepared membranes. Finally, obtained results exhibit that the membranes should be considered as the promising wound dressing.

Releasing and structural/mechanical properties of nano-particle/Punica granatum (Pomegranate) in poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid/fibrin as nano-composite scaffold

“…After 14 days, the cells covered the scaffold surface and formed a tissue layer (not presented). Various studies have reported that the surface hydrophilicity serves an important role in the cell morphology on non-toxic materials, while the 24-50 degree of contact angle is a suitable range for cell attachment and proliferation (36,38). Cell morphology on the scaffold in the SEM image implies the cell compatibility of the scaffolds, and this was in agreement with the MTT results.…”

“…The effect of the secondary bonds on the drug release pattern has been reported in previous researches. Sustained release of drugs is very important in the prolonged healing process such as tissue regeneration (36). In this manner, a drug carrier would be designed to release drug at a predetermined rate in order to maintain a constant drug concentration for a specifi c period of time with minimum side effects (37).…”

Poly(Glycerol Sebacate) in Biomedical Applications—A Review of the Recent Literature

“…[ 96 ] As a result, PGSp must be blended with a spinnable carrier polymer to allow non‐destructive fiber formation by electrospinning. According to its specific application ranging from soft to hard TE also including drug delivery, synthetic polymers like PCL, [ 16,19,21,29,33,38,45,97–111 ] poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), [ 96,112–114 ] poly(butylene succinate‐ co ‐dilinoleic succinate) PBS‐DLS, [ 115,116 ] PLA, [ 117 ] poly( l ‐lactic acid) (PLLA), [ 118,119 ] (PEO), [ 120 ] PLGA, [ 121,122 ] polyethersulfone (PSF), [ 123 ] polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), [ 124 ] polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), [ 125,126 ] TPU, [ 35 ] and natural polymers like collagen, [ 127 ] gelatin, [ 128 ] fibrinogen, [ 129 ] zein, [ 130,131 ] and chitin and lignin [ 132 ] have been used for blending with PGS for successful electrospinning. Additional to blending PGS with another polymer, electrospinning of PGS within a core–shell system has been reported too where the sacrificial polymer is used as a shell which will be removed after PGS cross‐linking.…”

“…[ 97,45 ] Moreover, biomacromolecules or drugs can be loaded in PGS‐based fibers either directly by blending drugs within the fiber material and core‐shell fibers or by covalently immobilizing the drug on the final mats. [ 98,99,124,128 ]…”

Mathematically described preparation process of poly(glycerol succinate) resins and elastomers—Meeting science with industry

“…Work on this material are advanced enough to allow for recent optimizing of the synthesis process and describing it by a mathematical equation 17 . Such a high interest is connected with the possibility to apply PGS as a cellular scaffolding in tissue engineering, 13,19‐24 a drug carrier, 8,25‐28 a surgical sealant, 29‐31 and a contact surface in biomedical sensors 32,33 …”