Evaluation of straw treatment with ammonia sources on growing bulls

Flachowsky, Gerhard; Ochrimenko, W. I.; Schneider, Mariane; Richter, G.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(95)00915-9

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This would explain the reduction in NDF content of oat hulls reported in the present study. In accordance with our results, several researchers have found that ammoniation reduced the NDF content of cereal straws (Flachowsky et al 1996). However, ammoniation was found to increase the NDF content of other agricultural byproducts such as canola hulls (McKinnon et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Chemical composition, ruminal kinetic parameters, and nutrient digestibility of ammonia treated oat hulls

Thompson¹,

McKinnon²,

Mustafa³

et al. 2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2002. Chemical composition, ruminal kinetic parameters, and nutrient digestibility of ammonia treated oat hulls. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 103-109. A study was conducted to determine the effects of ammoniation (3 or 5% by dry weight) on the nutritive value of oat hulls. Ruminal nutrient kinetic parameters and degradability of untreated and ammoniated oat hulls were determined using two non-lactating cows fitted with rumen cannulas. Eighteen steers were used in a digestibility trial to determine nutrient utilization of three diets consisting of 100% barley silage, 50% untreated oat hulls plus 50% barley silage, and 50% ammoniated oat hulls plus 50% barley silage (DM basis). Ammoniation at both levels increased (P < 0.05) total N and reduced (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fibre levels of oat hulls. Most of the N added due to ammoniation was in the form of non-protein N. The results of the in situ trial showed that ammoniation at the 3% level increased the potentially degradable NDF and ADF fractions as well as their rates of degradation. Ammoniation at the 3% level improved (P < 0.05) effective ruminal degradability of NDF and ADF of oat hulls by 41 and 35%, respectively. Dry matter intake was highest (P < 0.05) for steers fed the ammoniated oat hull diets, intermediate for those fed the untreated oat hull diets and lowest (P < 0.05) for those fed the 100% barley silage diet. Steers fed the ammoniated oat hull diet had higher (P < 0.05) total tract digestibility of NDF and lignin relative to steers fed the untreated oat hull diet. However, total tract digestibility of dry matter was not affected by ammoniation. It was concluded that ammoniation is a viable method for improving the feeding value of oat hulls to ruminant animals. Relative to the 3% level, ammoniation at 5% resulted in a marginal improvement in the nutritive value of oat hulls. Anim. Sci. 82: 103-109. Les auteurs ont entrepris une étude afin de préciser les effets de l'addition d'ammoniac (3 ou 5 % du poids sec) sur la valeur nutritive de la bale d'avoine. Ils ont déterminé les paramètres cinétiques des éléments nutritifs dans le rumen et la dégradabilité de la bale non traitée et ammoniée grâce à deux vaches taries pourvues d'une canule au rumen. Les chercheurs ont aussi recouru à dix-huit bouvillons dans le cadre d'un essai de digestibilité visant à établir l'assimilation des élé-ments nutritifs de trois rations composées, la première, de 100 % d'ensilage d'orge, la deuxième, de 50 % de bale d'avoine non traitée et de 50 % d'ensilage d'orge, et la troisième, de 50 % de bale d'avoine ammoniée et de 50 % d'orge ensilée (selon la matière sèche). Aux deux concentrations, l'ammoniac augmente (P < 0,05) l'azote total et diminue (P < 0,05) la quantité de fibres au déter-gent neutre de la bale d'avoine. La majeure partie de l'azote ajouté par ammoniation n'est pas de nature protéique. L'essai in situ révèle que l'addition de 3 % d'ammoniac augmente la quantité de FDN et de FDA susceptible d'être dégradée et la rapidité de la dégradation. À la concentration de...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Chemical composition, ruminal kinetic parameters, and nutrient digestibility of ammonia treated oat hulls

Thompson¹,

McKinnon²,

Mustafa³

et al. 2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Therefore, upgrading of straw quality through chemical and/or biological treatments is an important strategy for improving the livestock productivity. In these directions, urea-NH 3 treatment received a major attention as an appropriate technology for chemical treatment of straws (Rai and Gupta, 1990;Flachowsky et al, 1996;Dayal et al, 2002). During treatment of straws with urea, NH 3 is released to form NH 4 OH that improves the nutritive value of cereal straws by degrading lignin (Sehgal and Patnayak, 1993;Prakash et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of urea-NH<sub>3</sub> treated wheat straw using anaerobic rumen fungi

Dayananda¹,

Nagpal²,

Puniya³

et al. 2007

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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In present study, the in vitro dry matter digestibility and cell-wall content degradation of urea-NH 3 treated wheat straws were reported by incubating with rumen liquor and anaerobic fungi i.e. Orpinomyces sp. C-14 or Piromyces sp. WNG-12. The maximum digestibility of dry matter (55.8%) in urea-NH 3 treated wheat straws was shown by Piromyces sp. WNG-12, when compared to Orpinomyces sp. C-14 (54.3%) and control (45.5%) after 72 h. The cell-wall contents in terms of percent neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin were found to decrease significantly when wheat straw was treated with Piromyces sp. WNG-12, followed by Orpinomyces sp. C-14 and controls, for 48 or 72 h.

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“…The beneficial effect of urea treatment in ruminant diets has been associated mainly with the increase in N for better utilization of roughages. Significant improvement in rumen environment (Silva and Orskov, 1988) and higher live weight gain (Castrillo et al, 1995;Flachowsky et al, 1996) were found after ureatreated barley straw diets were fed to ruminants. Hadjipanayiotou et al (1997) identified a 12.4 % improvement in weight gain of crossbred heifers fed urea treated barley straw relative to urea-supplemented diet.…”

Section: Effect Of Urea On Voluntary Feed Intake Of Crop Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The report of Flachowsky e t al., (1996) showed that stover treated efficiency of utilization of the ammonia nitrogen would be greater with compared with stover supplemented with urea because of the higher DM degradability and hence the more energy obtained from the urea treated stover diet. Flachowsky et al (1996) stated that the nitrogen incorporated during treatment is readily available for use by rumen microbes as confirmed by the high rumen ammonia levels on urea treated stover. …”

Section: Effects Of Urea Treatment On Chemical Composition Of Crop mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment of roughages with either urea or ammonia is an effort to increase intake (Castrillo et al, 1995;Flachowsky et al, 1996) through alkaline hydrolysis of lignocelluloses bonds (Sundstol and Owen, 1984) and to increase nitrogen concentration in the roughage. This would allow an even release of ammonia in the rumen, creating favourable conditions for intense microbial fermentation.…”

Section: Effect Of Urea On Voluntary Feed Intake Of Crop Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

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