Evaluation of Side Effects and Patients’ Perceptions during Tooth Bleaching

Leonard, Ralph H.; Smith, Lynn R.; Garland, Glenn E.; Tiwana, Karen K.; Zaidel, Lynette; Pugh, George; Lin, Nora C.

doi:10.1111/j.1708-8240.2007.00136.x

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…12,30,32 In the current study, hypersensitivity and gingival irritation were minor and disappeared spontaneously without requiring an interruption of the treatment.…”

Section: Gingival Irritationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Comparative Clinical Study of the Effectiveness of Three Different Bleaching Methods

Bizhang¹,

Chun²,

Damerau³

et al. 2009

Operative Dentistry

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SUMMARYObjective: The current study assessed the efficacy of three current bleaching methods.Methods: Seventy-five healthy subjects (45♀; 30♂) with anterior teeth, having a Vita Shade score of A2 or darker, participated in the study. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: Group A: home-bleaching (Illumine Home, 10% carbamide peroxide, trays, overnight, for two weeks), Group B: inoffice bleaching (Illumine Office, 15% hydrogen peroxide, trays for 45 minutes, three times over three weeks), Group C: Whitestrips (strips, twice a day, 30 minutes each for two weeks).Following the screening visit, three weeks prior to the baseline examination, all subjects received a dental prophylaxis. Clinical RelevanceThe efficacy of vital bleaching depends on the two aspects-viz, bleaching agent and the bleaching method. Results from this in vivo study show that 10% carbamide peroxide home-bleaching and 15% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleaching were more effective than a 6% hydrogen peroxide home-bleaching over-the-counter product up to three months after completion of the bleaching treatment. M Bizhang • Y-HP Chun • K Damerau P Singh • WH-M Raab • S ZimmerThe color of the teeth was determined using a colorimeter (ShadeEye NCC) and a custom-made stent at baseline (E 0 ), immediately after completion of the bleaching (E 3 ) and three months after treatment (E 4 ). All subjects received oral hygiene instructions and a toothbrush and toothpaste for oral home care during the study period.The change of tooth color was determined for each treatment regimen between baseline and E 3 and baseline and E 4 and was statistically analyzed performing the Kruskal Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney-U test. The significance level was set at p<0.01.Results: The dropout rate was 0%. Mean (SD) ∆E* (overall color change) from baseline to immediately after treatment was 6.57 (2.13) for Group A, 5.77(1.72) for Group B and 3.58 (1.57) for Group C. The mean (SD) tooth color change from baseline to three months after treatment ∆E* was: 4.98(1.34) for Group A, 4.59 (1.42) for Group B and 2.99 (1.39) for Group C. Significant differences were found between home bleaching and Whitestrips, as well as between in-office bleaching and Whitestrips, but not between homebleaching and in-office bleaching during the same time.Conclusion: Using an objective color measurement device, home bleaching and in-office bleaching were found to be superior to Whitestrips. Home bleaching and in-office bleaching were equally efficient for bleaching teeth and maintaining the results for up to three months.

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“…12,30,32 In the current study, hypersensitivity and gingival irritation were minor and disappeared spontaneously without requiring an interruption of the treatment.…”

Section: Gingival Irritationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Comparative Clinical Study of the Effectiveness of Three Different Bleaching Methods

Bizhang¹,

Chun²,

Damerau³

et al. 2009

Operative Dentistry

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“…1,4,9,10,12,13,21 The most common side effects are tooth hypersensitivity and gingival irritation. 1,10,28 These effects are correlated with several factors, such as pH and the peroxide concentration of the bleaching gel, the number and length of applications, and other factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,3,[5][6][7][8] The evaluation of the efficacy and safety of bleaching systems has recieved considerable attention. 1,4,9,10 Although generally positive results have been reported concerning the whitening ability of these agents, concerns still remain as to their effects on periodontal tissues. 11,12 Since their use, significant controversy has been generated regarding the risk of tissue damage from the contact of bleaching agents with the oral mucosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Bleachıng Systems on the Gingiva and the Levels of IL-1β and IL-10 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

Firat¹,

Ercan²,

Gürgan³

et al. 2011

Operative Dentistry

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“…Although this adverse effect is usually considered temporary and moderate, it can produce considerable discomfort to the patient [5]. A current study demonstrated that the degree of pulp damage caused by a bleaching gel with a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) depends on the thickness of enamel and dentin [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Histopathological Features of Dental Pulp Tissue from Bleached Mandibular Incisors

Roderjan¹,

Stanislawczuk²,

Hebling³

et al. 2014

JMSE-B

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Mandibular incisors scheduled for extraction were subjected or not to three 15-minute applications of a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel. Two days thereafter, bleaching effectiveness (according to a value-oriented shade guide) was evaluated, and histological analysis of pulp tissue was performed. Immediately and two days after bleaching, tooth sensitivity (TS) experience was recorded. Bleached teeth of both groups showed significant color improvement (Mann-Whitney; p < 0.05). However, these teeth presented significant pulp alterations when compared with non-bleached teeth (Mann-Whitney; p < 0.05), including areas of superficial necrosis associated with mild inflammatory reactions. These data were achieved by recordings of TS immediately after bleaching (Fisher's exact test; p<0.05), which was reduced with time. Instead of 'no significant difference' being observed between young and old teeth (Mann-Whitney; p<0.05), necrosis occurred in 60% of old bleached teeth in comparison with 100% of young teeth, associated with underlying tertiary dentin deposition. It was concluded that, regardless of the age of patients, the application of a 35%-HP bleaching gel to mandibular incisors causes pulp damage, which was related to initial TS; however, superficial necrosis was more prevalent in young teeth.

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Evaluation of Side Effects and Patients’ Perceptions during Tooth Bleaching

Abstract: The experimental HP bleaching solutions, as described in this study, can be used in NGVB with no long-term side effects as evaluated in this study for up to 10 months post-treatment.

Cited by 41 publications

References 18 publications

Comparative Clinical Study of the Effectiveness of Three Different Bleaching Methods

Comparative Clinical Study of the Effectiveness of Three Different Bleaching Methods

The Effect of Bleachıng Systems on the Gingiva and the Levels of IL-1β and IL-10 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

Histopathological Features of Dental Pulp Tissue from Bleached Mandibular Incisors

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