This study evaluated a whitening effect and the likely side effect (tooth sensitivity and pulp response) of human teeth subjected to different in-office bleaching (IOB) techniques and materials, mainly the presence of calcium in the IOB materials. A calcium-free (CF) and a calcium-containing (CC) 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) gels were evaluated. The CF was refreshed every 15 minutes, three times (CF 3-15) or in a single 45-min application (CF 1-45) at one bleaching appointment. The CC was used only in a single 45-min application (CC 1-45). Each technique was applied in 5 mandibular incisors scheduled for extraction for different patients. In control group, no tooth bleaching was performed. The tooth colour (TC) and tooth sensitivity (TS) were recorded at baseline and after IOB. The teeth were extracted 2 days after the application of IOB and subjected to histological analysis. The data was submitted to appropriate statistical analysis (α=0.05). The changes of TC were similar between groups and statistically different from the control (p<0.05). However, TS of groups bleached with CF was statistically higher than that recorded for CC and the control (p<0.05). In CF 3-15 and CF 1-45 groups, the coronal pulp tissue exhibited partial necrosis associated with tertiary dentin deposition. In CC 1-45 group smaller area of necrosis occurred only in three bleached teeth in which tertiary dentin deposition was observed. The calcium-containing 35%HP gel could be preferable for in-office bleaching because it caused less tooth sensibility and pulp damage.

Mandibular incisors scheduled for extraction were subjected or not to three 15-minute applications of a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel. Two days thereafter, bleaching effectiveness (according to a value-oriented shade guide) was evaluated, and histological analysis of pulp tissue was performed. Immediately and two days after bleaching, tooth sensitivity (TS) experience was recorded. Bleached teeth of both groups showed significant color improvement (Mann-Whitney; p < 0.05). However, these teeth presented significant pulp alterations when compared with non-bleached teeth (Mann-Whitney; p < 0.05), including areas of superficial necrosis associated with mild inflammatory reactions. These data were achieved by recordings of TS immediately after bleaching (Fisher's exact test; p<0.05), which was reduced with time. Instead of 'no significant difference' being observed between young and old teeth (Mann-Whitney; p<0.05), necrosis occurred in 60% of old bleached teeth in comparison with 100% of young teeth, associated with underlying tertiary dentin deposition. It was concluded that, regardless of the age of patients, the application of a 35%-HP bleaching gel to mandibular incisors causes pulp damage, which was related to initial TS; however, superficial necrosis was more prevalent in young teeth.

Objectives The present study evaluated the pulp response of human mandibular incisors subjected to in-office dental bleaching using gels with medium or high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP). Materials and Methods The following groups were compared: 35% HP (HP35; n = 5) or 20% HP (HP20; n = 4). In the control group (CONT; n = 2), no dental bleaching was performed. The color change (CC) was registered at baseline and after 2 days using the Vita Classical shade guide. Tooth sensitivity (TS) was also recorded for 2 days post-bleaching. The teeth were extracted 2 days after the clinical procedure and subjected to histological analysis. The CC and overall scores for histological evaluation were evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The percentage of patients with TS was evaluated by the Fisher exact test (α = 0.05). Results The CC and TS of the HP35 group were significantly higher than those of the CONT group ( p < 0.05) and the HP20 group showed an intermediate response, without significant differences from either the HP35 or CONT group ( p > 0.05). In both experimental groups, the coronal pulp tissue exhibited partial necrosis associated with tertiary dentin deposition. Overall, the subjacent pulp tissue exhibited a mild inflammatory response. Conclusions In-office bleaching therapies using bleaching gels with 20% or 35% HP caused similar pulp damage to the mandibular incisors, characterized by partial necrosis, tertiary dentin deposition, and mild inflammation.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of etch-and-rinse and self-etching adhesive systems on Vickers hardness (VHN) uniformity of dual-cured resin cements after fiber post cementation.Methods: Fifty glass fiber posts were cemented into bovine roots using the following cementing systems: Prime&Bond 2.1 Dual Cure and Enforce with light-activation (PBDC-LCEN); Prime&Bond 2.1 and Enforce with light-activation (PB-CLEN); Prime&Bond 2.1 Dual Cure and Enforce without light exposure (PBDC-SCEN); ED Primer and Panavia 21 (ED-SCPN); and Clearfil SE Bond and Panavia 21 (CF-SCPN). The roots were stored in distilled water for 72 h and transversely sectioned into thirds (coronal, medium, and apical). The VHN values of the resin cement layers were measured close to the post and to the dentin wall on the transversely sectioned flat surfaces. The results were analyzed by three-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test (pre-set alpha of 5%).Results: Most resin cements presented higher VHN values near the post than near the dentin wall. The ED-SCPN group showed the highest VHN values regardless of the root third, while the selfcured group PBDC-SCEN exhibited the lowest values. The resin cements from the light-activated groups PBDC-LCEN and PB-LCEN showed lower VHN values at the apical third than at the coronal third. The VHN values were not influenced by the root third in self-cured groups PBDC-SCEN, EDSCPN, and ED-SCPN.Conclusions: Depending on the product, bonding agents might promote changes in hardness uniformity of resin cements after post cementation. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:248-254)

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos usuários da disciplina de Endodontia da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG). O estudo quantitativo, transversal, retrospectivo e descritivo utilizou-se de dados dos prontuários da disciplina de Endodontia da UEPG referentes aos anos de 2010 a 2017. Os dados sociodemográficos e clínicos foram extraídos por duas pesquisadoras com uso de ficha padronizada. Prontuários com informações insuficientes sobre a conclusão do tratamento foram excluídos. Os dados foram descritos por frequências absolutas (n) e relativas (%). Foram encontrados 2.224 prontuários, e 73 (3,3%) foram excluídos. Dos 2.151 prontuários incluídos, 100 (4,4%) não tinham radiografias e 67,6% apresentavam radiografias com boa qualidade. Os atendimentos ocorreram mais em 2014 (18,1%) e 2016 (15,0%) e menos em 2015 (7,8%). A maioria dos usuários apresentava idade entre 20-29 anos (25,6%), mulheres (62,2%), casados (50,9%), residiam na cidade de Ponta Grossa (99,2%), trabalham na área de manutenção, reparação e serviços gerais (30,9%) e não tinha problema de saúde (78,5%). A infecção da polpa dentária por cárie foi o principal motivo (87,3%) do tratamento, e o primeiro molar inferior direito foi o dente mais tratado (7,4%). O tratamento mais realizado foi a necropulpectomia (57,0%), em duas ou mais sessões (74,6%), com tempo de duração de tratamento de oito dias (42,1%). O perfil sociodemográfico e clínico indica que mulheres jovens procuram mais tratamento endodôntico. Necropulpectomia foi o procedimento técnico mais realizado em virtude de extensas lesões cariosas.