Evaluation of Samjunghwan, a traditional medicine, for neuroprotection against damage by amyloid-beta in rat cortical neurons

Mori Fructus improves cognitive and neuronal dysfunction induced by beta-amyloid toxicity through the GSK-3β pathway in vitro and in vivo

“…Aliquots were incubated at 37 1C for 72 h or 96 h to form aggregated amyloid (Kim et al, 2010a;Zussy et al, 2011). For in vitro assays, 500 μM of Aβ 25-35 and Aβ 35-25 were diluted to 8 μM in PBS.…”

“…And the supernatants of the treated cells were transferred to a separate plate and release of LDH was by using a LDH kit according to the manufacturer's protocol as previously described (Kim et al, 2010a). Then the cell viability and cytotoxicity were expressed as a percentage of the control value.…”

“…The Δψ M was measured using a fluorescence dye, JC-1 reagent as previously described (Kim et al, 2010a) after the cells were treated with ME at 0.1, 1, 10 μg/mL and/or Aβ 25-35 . The red and green fluorescence were measured using a fluorescence microplate reader (SpectraMax Gemini EM; Molecular Devices), with excitation at 585 and 510 and emission at 590 and 527, respectively.…”

“…Nevertheless, amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau proteins play well-established roles in AD by forming insoluble fibrils (amyloid plaques) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), the main pathological hallmarks of AD (Shipton et al, 2011). It has been suggested that Aβ accumulation directly or indirectly causes synaptic loss and neuronal death through oxidative stress, calcium dysregulation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis, resulting in memory impairment (Kim et al, 2010a). In addition, Aβ-induced tau phosphorylation plays a crucial role in cognitive decline (Shipton et al, 2011).…”

Single Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Modified Samjung-Hwan in Sprague-Dawley Rats

“…, 면역반응 개선효과 4) , 신경보호효과 5) , 항우울 효과 6) , 항비만 효과 7) 등에 대해 보고되었다. 또한 삼정환의 구성 약재인 창출(Atractylodes japonica) 8,9) , 지골피(Cortex lycii radicis) [10][11][12][13] , 상심자(Morus alba Linne) …”