Evaluation of protein and starch digestibility and energy value of pelleted or unpelleted pea seeds from winter or spring cultivars in adult and young chickens

Carré, Bernard; Beaufils, E. R.; Melcion, J.P.

doi:10.1021/jf00003a008

Cited by 64 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Wheat was a major factor of reduced digestibilities (Table 2) and AMEn (Supplementary Figure S1). A negative effect of peas was observed on starch digestibility (Table 2), in agreement with previous experiments (Carré et al, 1991), with a coefficient showing a similar magnitude compared with that observed for wheat ( Table 2). The negative effect of meat meal on protein digestibility (Table 2) was in agreement with the observation of lower amino acid digestibilities for meat meal than for soya bean meal (Lessire et al, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In addition, for diets, one laboratory determined in triplicate the contents of starch E (enzymatic method) (Carré et al, 1991), sucrose, glucose, lactose (enzymatic test kits from Boehringer Mannheim, 1980), a-galactosides [GLC analysis (12 m BP1 capillary column from SGE (Ringwood, Victoria 3134, Australia), 2908C to 3208C temperature programme) of trimethylsilyl derivatives of oligosaccharides (Sosulski et al, 1982) extracted in hot 50 : 50 methanol:water, with melezitose as standard], real applied viscosity (RAV), potential applied viscosity (PAV, with a preliminary ethanolic treatment) and water retention capacity of cell walls (Carré et al, 1994;Carré, 2002). For pooled freeze-dried excreta, contents of GE, total nitrogen, lipids B, starch E, a-galactosides, lactose (see above the methods used for diets) and protein nitrogen (Terpstra and De Hart, 1974) were measured by one laboratory.…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of metabolisable energy value of broiler diets and water excretion from dietary chemical analyses

Carré

Lessire

Juin³

2013

Animal

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Thirty various pelleted diets were given to broilers (8/diet) for in vivo measurements of dietary metabolisable energy (ME) value and digestibilities of proteins, lipids, starch and sugars from day 27 to day 31, with ad libitum feeding and total collection of excreta. Water excretion was also measured. Amino acid formulation of diets was done on the basis of ratios to crude proteins. Mean in vivo apparent ME values corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) were always lower than the AMEn values calculated for adult cockerels using predicting equations from literature based on the chemical analyses of diets. The difference between mean in vivo AMEn values and these calculated AMEn values increased linearly with increasing amount of wheat in diets (P 5 0.0001). Mean digestibilities of proteins, lipids and starch were negatively related to wheat introduction (P 5 0.0001). The correlations between mean in vivo AMEn values and diet analytical parameters were the highest with fibre-related parameters, such as water-insoluble cell-walls (WICW) (r 5 20.91) or Real Applied Viscosity (RAV) (r 5 20.77). Thirteen multiple regression equations relating mean in vivo AMEn values to dietary analytical data were calculated, with R 2 values ranging from 0.859 to 0.966 (P 5 0.0001). The highest R 2 values were obtained when the RAV parameter was included in independent variables. The direct regression equations obtained with available components (proteins, lipids, starch, sucrose and oligosaccharides) and the indirect regression equations obtained with WICW and ash parameters showed similar R 2 values. Direct or indirect theoretical equations predicting AMEn values were established using the overall mean in vivo digestibility values. The principle of indirect equations was based on the assumption that WICW and ashes act as diluters. Addition of RAV or wheat content in variables improved the accuracy of theoretical equations. Efficiencies of theoretical equations for predicting AMEn values were almost the same as those of multiple regression equations. Water excretion was expressed either as the water content of excreta (EWC), the ratio of water excretion to feed intake (WIR) or the residual value from the regression equation relating water excretion to feed intake (RWE). The best regression predicting EWC was based on sucrose, fermentable sugars (lactose 1 oligosaccharides) and chloride variables, with positive coefficients. The best equations predicting WIR or RWE contained the sugar and chloride variables, with positive coefficients. Other variables appearing in these equations were AMEn or starch with negative coefficients, WICW, 'cell-wall-retained water', RAV or potassium with positive coefficients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of metabolisable energy value of broiler diets and water excretion from dietary chemical analyses

Carré

Lessire

Juin³

2013

Animal

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“…Water, ash, crude fat and protein for the four feedstuffs were determined according to the Official European Methods [2] and starch according to Carré et al [8]. The water insoluble cell wall content (cellulose, water insoluble hemi-cellulose, water insoluble pectin matter, lignin and proteins) was determined according to AFNOR [1].…”

Section: Analyses and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of xylanase and ?-glucanase addition on performance, nutrient digestibility, and physico-chemical conditions in the small intestine contents and caecal microflora of broiler chickens fed a wheat and barley-based diet

et al. 2002

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-Corn-or wheat and barley-based diets were supplemented or not with xylanase and β-glucanase (Quatrazyme HP, Nutri-Tomen, France) and fed to broiler chickens (n = 12 per group) from 3 to 25 days of age. The unsupplemented wheat and barley-based diet reduced (P ≤ 0.05) weight gain and feed intake, and increased the feed conversion ratio as compared to the corn-based diet. Viscosity in the supernatant of the small intestine contents was increased (P ≤ 0.05), whereas pH and osmolality values decreased (P ≤ 0.05). Crude fat and protein digestibility were reduced as well as the apparent metabolizable energy (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, wheat and barley consumption, when compared with the corn-based diet, produced an increase in the microflora of the caeca, with 10.0 vs. 8.9 log CFU·g -1 for facultative anaerobic bacteria, 6.5 vs. 5.6 log CFU·g -1 for E. coli and 9.7 vs. 8.3 log CFU·g -1 for Lactobacillus. The addition of xylanase and β-glucanase to the wheat and barley-based diet significantly reduced the viscosity of the small intestine contents and improved (P ≤ 0.05) weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The digestibility of the nutrients, the apparent metabolizable energy and the osmolality of the small intestine contents were also increased without alteration in pH values. At the same time, the number of total facultative anaerobic bacteria and E. coli decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of xylanase and β-glucanase improves the digestibility of a wheat and barley-based diet, probably by reducing the viscosity of the intestine content and by impeding the growth of bacteria (total facultative anaerobic bacteria, E. coli). Abbreviations: AME, Apparent metabolizable energy; AME n , Apparent metabolizable energy to zero nitrogen balance; CFU, Colony forming units; DM, Dry matter; GE, Gross energy; HPAEC, High performance anion exchange chromatography; NSP, Non starch polysaccharides; RAV, Real applied viscosity; VFA, Volatile fatty acids.Résumé -Influence de la supplémentation du régime alimentaire par une association de xylanase et de -glucanase sur la digestibilité des nutriments, les conditions physico-chimiques dans l'intestin grêle et l'équilibre de la flore caecale chez le poulet nourri avec un aliment à base de blé et d'orge. Trente-six poulets de chair (Ross) sont, entre le 3 e et le 25 e jour d'âge, nourris soit avec un aliment témoin à base de maïs soit un aliment expérimental contenant du blé et de l'orge supplémenté ou non avec une association de xylanase et de β-glucanase (Quatrazyme HP, Nutri-Tomen, France). Le gain de poids et l'efficacité alimentaire sont plus faibles (P ≤ 0,05) chez les poulets nourris avec un régime à base de blé et d'orge que chez les témoins. La baisse des performances zootechniques est liée à une réduction de la pression osmotique, une diminution (P ≤ 0,05) de la digestibilité des lipides et des protéines et une baisse de l'énergie. En revanche, la viscosité du contenu intestinal, le nombre de bactéries anaérobies facultatives (10,0 vs....

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“…The digestibility of pea nutrients in broilers increases with decreasing particle size (Kluth, 2011) and with pelleting (Carré et al, 1991;Grosjean et al, 1999). It can also be affected by extrusion (Alonso et al, 2000;Leontowicz et al, 2001;Diaz et al, 2006, Nalle et al, 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raw vs extruded coloured-flower pea as an ingredient in broiler diets: effects on performance, ileal digestibility, gut morphology, and intestinal microbiota activity

Konieczka¹,

Smulikowska²,

Czerwiński³

et al. 2014

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Evaluation of protein and starch digestibility and energy value of pelleted or unpelleted pea seeds from winter or spring cultivars in adult and young chickens

Cited by 64 publications

References 13 publications

Prediction of metabolisable energy value of broiler diets and water excretion from dietary chemical analyses

Prediction of metabolisable energy value of broiler diets and water excretion from dietary chemical analyses

Effects of xylanase and ?-glucanase addition on performance, nutrient digestibility, and physico-chemical conditions in the small intestine contents and caecal microflora of broiler chickens fed a wheat and barley-based diet

Raw vs extruded coloured-flower pea as an ingredient in broiler diets: effects on performance, ileal digestibility, gut morphology, and intestinal microbiota activity

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