Evaluation of potential ecological risk and prediction of zinc accumulation and its transfer in soil plants and ruminants: public health implications

Abstract

The aim of study was access the cobalt and lead contamination in soil, forages and animals. Heavy metal pollution is a matter of prime significance in natural environment. Through food chain toxicity of heavy metals and their bioaccumulation potential are transferred into humans .Higher concentrations of metallic compounds are toxic to living organisms but these are essential to maintain body metabolism. Intake of food crops polluted with heavy metals is chief food chain channel for human exposure. Animals are exposed to heavy metal stress by the intake of richly contaminated food crops those are chief part of food chain. We collected samples of soil, plant, animal blood, hair and faeces to find contamination through wet digestion process in lab and metal analysis. Different forages were collected to study Zn amount in forages whilst soil and animals in Mianwali Pakistan. The health risk index (HRI) calculation was our major concern in this study.Our present findings also emphasized on the assessment of bio-concentration factor (BCF). We also calculated other significant indices i.e. Pollution load index (PLI), daily intake of metal (DIM), Health Risk Index (HRI) and Enrichment factor (EF). While the experimentation result showed different concentrations of metal in different seasons. When the Zn concentration in forages was (32.59-42.17mg/kg) and in soil (21.82-35.09 mg/kg). Soil samples showed higher level of (PLI) Pollution load index. Bio-concentration of zinc was (1.03-1.57mg/kg). It can be concluded as regular monitoring of the level metal is essential evaluate the contamination status.

Pollution load assessment of agricultural soil samples of some villages from Ludhiana district, Punjab.

“…Similar observations were also made byChen et al (2022). Zinc is a micronutrient that both plants and animals require.…”

Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soil and Garlic Influenced by Waste-Derived Organic Amendments

“…Our results are also corroborated by an earlier study [ 32 ] that reported immobilization of heavy metals with the application of organic manure. The permissible maximum limits reported by [ 24 ] of the trace metals is Cd 3, Co 65, Cr 100, Cu 50, Pb 300, Fe 21000, Mn 2000, and Zn 200 mg kg −1 deposited in soil. All the treated pots showed lower metal concentrations than permissible limits.…”

“…It was measured by following the method provided by [ 24 ]. It is used to assess risk to consumer health.…”

Levels of Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), and Cadmium (Cd) in Soil, Rice Stalk, and Oryza Sativa Grain in Ishiagu Rice Field, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Human Health Risk

“…In contrast, the total hazard index (THI) evaluates the potential risk of adverse health effects from a mixture of chemical constituents in rice. If this ratio is less than 1, the exposed population is unlikely to experience noticeable adverse effects [14][15][16].…”