Evaluation of potato varieties as a source material for selection

Лобанов

2021

Agrarnaâ nauka

Relevance. Potato hybrids obtained when creating varieties adapted to the weather conditions of the Komi Republic must have maximum resistance to constantly changing environmental conditions while maintaining the yield indicator at a high level. In addition, breeders impose requirements for their high field resistance to the main diseases common in the region: late blight, alternaria, rhizoctonia, scab and viruses (X, Y). In 2020, in the course of a continuously operating selection process, produced on the basis of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology FRC Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Syktyvkar) together with the FRC potato named after A.G. Lorkh (Korenevo), samples were taken from the nursery of the main test of hybrids.Methods. The studies were carried out on five hybrids sent from the FRC of Potato named after A.G. Lorkh obtained by hybridization of the original parental forms, growing hybrid seedlings and single-root hybrids, followed by selection in nurseries of single-root hybrids, second-year hybrids, preliminary and main tests already directly at the Institute of Agrobiotechnology FRC of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Observations, counts and culling in each nursery were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations on the technology of the potato breeding process. According to the research results, the hybrids were assessed in terms of yield, yield range (the difference between the maximum and minimum values for the study period), realization of yield potential (the ratio of the average yield to the maximum over the years of research) and coefficient of variation, as well as disease resistance.Results. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of potato samples in the nursery of the main test, three promising hybrids were identified — 1992–14, 2000–60 and 2139– 5 with an average yield at the level of standard varieties and higher (23.6–31.2t/ha), having a high stability and disease resistance.

Section: общее земледелиеunclassified

Results of testing potato hybrids in breeding nurseries in the Komi Republic

Лобанов

2021

Agrarnaâ nauka

“…The principles of potato development at every stage are well known and understood, from the awakening of tubers before spring planting in the ground, growth during the summer period and ending with the laying of the resulting crop for winter storage. And if the growth and development of plants during the growing season entirely depend on agro-climatic conditions [10], then the awakening of tubers and their preparation for planting has a number of features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of the germination energy of potatoes by with low energy treatments

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

Lobanov

2022

Getting the future harvest begins at the stage of sprouting. Germination, periods between phenophases, and development of stolons depend on their formation. There are two main types of potato sprouts - light and shadow. The former are preferable for mechanized planting, the latter provide better conditions for potato growth. The regulation of the emergence of sprouts and their development in the pre-planting period is an important problem in agriculture. The purpose of our research was to identify the regularities of the influence of the main methods of vernalization (heating and irradiation with a light flux) on the emergence of sprouts and their further growth. The studies were carried out according to the Box-Behnken plan of the second order for a four-factor experiment, where the response function is the average time of appearance of all sprouts, the number of awakened eyes, and the length of sprouts by the end of the study. As the factors of variation, the temperature of heating tubers for 40 seconds (variation interval 30-40 °C) and three light spectra (variation interval 0-120 seconds) were chosen: 440-485 nm (blue), 500-565 nm (green), 625-740 nm (red). As a result of research, it was revealed that with the help of a single heating at a certain temperature and illumination with light spectra, it is possible to regulate the appearance and further development of shoots on potato tubers by inhibiting or stimulating them. The most optimal parameters for increasing the number of awakened sprouts in the shortest possible time and increasing the rate of sprout development have been determined: heating tubers at a temperature of 35 °C with irradiation with a light flux with a wavelength of 460-475 nm, 550-565 nm, 685-700 nm - 60 seconds.

The results of ecological testing of early and mid-season potato varieties in the Komi Republic

Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока

Лобанов

2021

Search and introduction of new potato varieties that can be recommended for cultivation in soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic are especially important against the background of the average yield in the region of 12.1 t/ha, that is 6.7 t/ha lower than the average in Russia. In 2019-2020 on the basis of the A. V. Zhuravsky Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the Federal Research Center of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, there were tested potato varieties of the early maturing group – Armada, Meteor, Gulliver, Taifun and Krepysh (standard) and the mid-season group – Varyag, Vympel, Krasa Meshchery, Kumach, Fritella, Vychegodskii and Zyryanets (standard). From the early maturing group, the varieties Armada and Gulliver have been selected as giving a consistently high yield, which exceeded the standard by 6.8-7.1 t/ha on average for two years. Among mid-season varieties no one reliably exceeded the standard variety Zyryanets in terms of yield productivity. The highest yield and marketability was noted for the Fritella variety – 30.5 t/ha and 97 %. All the varieties under study, except for Vychegodskii, showed an average resistance of the tops to late blight damage. Moderate early blight damage of the tops (up to 20 % of the leaf surface) was noted in three varieties – Meteor, Taifun and Vychegodski. The following varieties showed high resistance to common scab - Vympel (no damage), Zyryanets (few lesions) and Gulliver (up to 10 % of tuber surface damage). In all studied varieties the potato tubers were not affected by late blight during both years of research. For cultivation, the agricultural producers of the Komi Republic should use the varieties Armada (29.7 t/ha), Gulliver (28.1 t/ha), Vympel (29.2 t/ha), Fritella (30.5 t/ha), which have good resistance to phytopathogens and high quality of tubers.