In the conditions of the Komi Republic in 2017-2019 a comprehensive assessment of the new medium early table variety of potato Vychegodsky was carried out. Two zoned and one recommended for the I Northern region of the Russian Federation potato varieties were used as standard. They had different periods of ripening and various parameters of responsiveness to environmental conditions (linear regression coefficient of the yield of varieties bi). The varieties were Udacha (recommended) - early, poorly responsive (bi = 0.5), Nevsky (zoned) – medium early, with close to linear dependence (bi = 1.0) and the variety of local selection Zyryanets (zoned) - medium early, with the highest response coefficient (bi = 1.7). In 2017, the significant excess by 7.0 t/ha of the yield of tubers of the Vychegodsky variety over the Nevsky standard was determined. On average for three years of research the productivity of the new variety was 27.2 t/ha (1.7-2.0 t/ha higher than the controls). The yield of Vychegodsky variety was formed mainly during the last 20 days of vegetation, and the average weight of a tuber had increased by 134% during that period. On the whole, Vychegodsky variety formed 10-12 tubers weighing 40-60 g. The plasticity of the variety is moderate (bi = 1.2), which is optimal for a risk farming zone. The dry matter content is 24.1%, starch is 15.7%, and vitamin C is 11.2 mg%. Vychegodsky variety has demonstrated high resistance to major diseases affecting the tops and tubers during the summer vegetation period (late blight, altarnariosis, rhizoctoniosis, common scab). A molecular genetic expert study of DNA for the presence of 10 major resistance marker genes has been conducted. Genes responsible for the resistance of the Vychegodsky variety to potato cancer and golden potato nematode have been revealed.
Background. The presented information refers to the completed stage of the breeding process carried out at the Institute of Agrobiotechnologies (Syktyvkar) that led to the development of a new mid-early table potato variety – ‘Vychegodsky’. This cultivar was obtained from controlled crossing of cvs. Svitanok Kievsky × Amadeus. The new variety underwent a comprehensive assessment for the main agronomic traits and genetic screening for resistance to wart disease, nematode, and viruses X and Y.Materials and methods. In 2020, according to the results of production tests performed in 2017–2019, the description of the new cv. ‘Vychegodsky’ was finalized. The registered cv. ‘Nevsky’ was chosen as the reference. The study was conducted in the Institute’s experiment fields with a six-field crop rotation, which ensured high soil fertility without the use of mineral or organic fertilizers. The soil was soddy-podzolic. The planting scheme was 70 × 30 cm, at a depth of 8–10 cm, over the experimental plot area of 52.5 m2 (250 tubers), with four replications.Results. The mid-early cultivar ‘Vychegodsky’ is described as follows: the plant is erect, 50–65 cm in height; tubers are roundish-oval, with yellow skin color and light yellow flesh. The studies have shown that in its agronomic traits in the Republic of Komi cv. ‘Vychegodsky’ exceeds the reference cv. ‘Nevsky’. Its yield is 34.3 t/ha, and its marketable tuber weight 55.1 g; it contains 15.7% of starch, 24.1% of dry matter, and 11.2 mg% of vitamin C. The cultivar demonstrates high field resistance to major potato diseases, and genetically determined resistance to wart disease and golden potato nematode.Conclusion. Thus, a new potato cultivar has been released and included into the State Register of Selection Achievements (National List of the Russian Federation).
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