Evaluation of PCR as a Diagnostic Mass-Screening Tool To Detect
 Leishmania
 (
 Viannia
 ) spp. in Domestic Dogs (
 Canis familiaris
 )

Reithinger, Richard; Espinoza, Juan Canales; Courtenay, Orin; Davies, Clive R.

doi:10.1128/jcm.41.4.1486-1493.2003

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…The technique has been consistently validated as the fastest and most sensitive and specific one as compared to other diagnosis protocols -apart from its suitability when used in leishmaniasis surveillance programs 2,[8][9][10][11] . Concerning molecular diagnosis, kinetoplast DNA minicircles (KDNA) are good targets in the Leishmania genome, as these present up to 10,000 copies per cell, which increases sensitivity of detection procedures 2,12 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the difficulties associated to the interpretation of seroprevalence data, the Health Ministry of Brazil recommends that serological diagnosis be performed based on sampling and population surveys 1 . Also, non-specific cross-reactions and delay between infection and seroconversion occur often 8 .…”

Section: Article/artigomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Falah et al 21 and Chargui et al 22 conducted a study in Kairouan, Tunisia, and observed that PCR was more efficient than immunofluorescence and in vitro culture. Other studies also suggest that PCR offers more potential for a direct, efficient, sensitive, and species-specific diagnosis 8,20 .…”

Section: Anthropogenic Parameters Of Ecological Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in dogs and the relationship with environmental and sanitary aspects in the municipality of Palmas, state of Tocantins, Brazil

Bigeli

Junior

Teles³

2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to identify the presence of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in dogs in the City of Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil, using the PCR technique to list the hot spots of infected dogs in the city and associate their occurrence to significant environmental changes at capture sites. METHODS: DNA was extracted from blood of dogs, and the PCR were performed with primers RV1/RV2. After screening the population studied, the regions of the city that had the highest occurrence of canine infection were detected. These sites were visited, and ecological parameters denoting anthropogenic disturbance were evaluated. RESULTS: Some important features were listed in the regions visited, such as low urbanization, lack of public collection of sewage, limited garbage collection, vacant lots with tall vegetation, decaying organic matter, and, most importantly, the occurrence of stray dogs and poultry in homes. CONCLUSIONS: The methodology for screening the population was very efficient, especially in evaluating a large number of individuals in a short time, with a high degree of automation. The results indicate an association between the observed parameters and the occurrence of infection in dogs. The model presented in the city is ideal for studies of disease progression and expansion and for the evaluation of control measures adopted for canine VL.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Article/artigomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in dogs and the relationship with environmental and sanitary aspects in the municipality of Palmas, state of Tocantins, Brazil

Bigeli

Junior

Teles³

2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…In the last decade, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been successfully introduced and proven to be a sensitive and powerful tool to detect Leishmania in clinical samples as well as for parasite characterization [21][22][23]. Very recently, PCR has also been used to analyse the immune response profile either in humans or in infected dogs [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Clinical Trial of a Novel DNA Vaccine as Immunotherapy during Canine Leishmaniasis

Manna¹

2012

J Vaccines Vaccin

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Background: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmaniainfantum in the Mediterranean area. Dogs are the main reservoir of Leishmaniainf antum parasites. Disease management represents a serious problem, since anti-Leishmania drugs have limited efficacy in both symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs, which are infective to phlebotomine vectors. In many tropical and sub-tropical countries the development of a safe and easily-available vaccine has high priority. DNA vaccines represent one of the most recent innovations in the field of immunization. Findings:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a DNA vaccine based on two Leishmania antigens (Cpb1, PO) in leishmaniotic dogs. Twelve leishmaniotic dogs from a Leishmaniasis-endemic area (Naples, Italy) received three consecutive injections of DNA vaccine at 15-days intervals. Another group of five leishmaniotic dogs received the same amount of pVAX-1 without the coding sequences of Leishmania antigens. Leishmania DNA load, INFγ, IL-4 mRNA expression levels and clinical parameters were tested before and after the therapy, every 3 months for a period of 12 months.Analysis of the data in the vaccinated dogs showed: i) a decrease Leishmania DNA load in lymph node samples, ii) an increase of INFγ and IL-4 mRNA expression levels in PBMC samples. All vaccinated dogs also showed an improvement in the clinical symptoms. Conclusion:Our results show that the vaccine developed in this study may represent a useful tool in the treatment of leishmaniotic dogs. However, since the duration of positive effects is limited in time, further trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy alone or in association with conventional therapy.

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“…Several studies in South America have shown that dogs can be experimentally infected with L. ( Viannia ) species and that a high proportion of the canine population is naturally infected. [5][6][7][8][9] However, dog infections have not been characterized in areas where Leishmania ( Viannia ) guyanensis is transmitted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania (Viannia) Infection in the Domestic Dog in Chaparral, Colombia

Santaella¹,

Ocampo²,

Saravia³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Peridomestic transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis is increasingly reported and dogs may be a reservoir of Leishmania ( Viannia ) in this setting. We investigated the prevalence of infection in dogs in Chaparral County, Colombia, the focus of an epidemic of human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania ( Viannia ) guyanensis . Two (0.72%) of 279 dogs had lesions typical of cutaneous leishmaniasis that were biopsy positive by kinetoplast DNA polymerase chain reaction-Southern blotting. Seroprevalence was 2.2% (6 of 279) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Buffy coat and ear skin biopsy specimens were positive by polymerase chain reaction-Southern blotting in 7.3% (10 of 137) and 11.4% (12 of 105) of dogs, respectively. Overall 20% of dogs (21 of 105) showed positive results for one or more tests. Amplification and sequencing of the Leishmania 7SL RNA gene identified L. guyanensis in one dog and L. braziliensis in two dogs. No association was identified between the risk factors evaluated and canine infection. Dogs may contribute to transmission but their role in this focus appears to be limited.

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Evaluation of PCR as a Diagnostic Mass-Screening Tool To Detect Leishmania ( Viannia ) spp. in Domestic Dogs ( Canis familiaris )

Cited by 33 publications

References 38 publications

Diagnosis of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in dogs and the relationship with environmental and sanitary aspects in the municipality of Palmas, state of Tocantins, Brazil

Diagnosis of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in dogs and the relationship with environmental and sanitary aspects in the municipality of Palmas, state of Tocantins, Brazil

Development and Clinical Trial of a Novel DNA Vaccine as Immunotherapy during Canine Leishmaniasis

Leishmania (Viannia) Infection in the Domestic Dog in Chaparral, Colombia

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