Evaluation of olfactory dysfunction in the connecticut chemosensory clinical research center

Cain, William S.; Gent, Janneane F.; Goodspeed, Ronald B.; Leonard, Gerald

doi:10.1288/00005537-198801000-00017

Cited by 474 publications

(360 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…1; Cain, Gent, Goodspeed, & Leonard, 1988). Mean detection thresholds (mean dilution steps) were 11.47 (SEM 5 0.66) for citral, 12.87 (SEM 5 1.51) for anisole, and 14.5 (SEM 5 1.37) for valeric acid.…”

Section: Threshold Determinationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Subliminal Smells can Guide Social Preferences

et al. 2007

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ABSTRACT-It is widely accepted that unconscious processes can modulate judgments and behavior, but do such influences affect one's daily interactions with other people? Given that olfactory information has relatively direct access to cortical and subcortical emotional circuits, we tested whether the affective content of subliminal odors alters social preferences. Participants rated the likeability of neutral faces after smelling pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant odors delivered below detection thresholds. Odor affect significantly shifted likeability ratings only for those participants lacking conscious awareness of the smells, as verified by chance-level trial-by-trial performance on an odor-detection task. Across participants, the magnitude of this priming effect decreased as sensitivity for odor detection increased. In contrast, heart rate responses tracked odor valence independently of odor awareness. These results indicate that social preferences are subject to influences from odors that escape awareness, whereas the availability of conscious odor information may disrupt such effects.

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Section: Threshold Determinationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Subliminal Smells can Guide Social Preferences

et al. 2007

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“…Our investigations entail very short exposures (1-2 sec), a simple but effective static delivery system: the squeeze bottles 14,15 , and the consistent use of a standardized procedure (e.g., 16 ). As described below, the method consists of a two-alternative, forced-choice procedure with presentation of increasing concentration steps until achieving a fixed criterion for threshold: five correct choices in a row (e.g., 17 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric functions for the olfactory and trigeminal detectability of butyl acetate and toluene

Cometto‐Muñiz

Cain

Abraham

et al. 2002

J of Applied Toxicology

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We measured psychometric (i.e. concentration–response) functions for the detection of odor, nasal pungency and eye irritation from butyl acetate and toluene. Olfactory detection was measured in subjects with normal olfaction (i.e. normosmics) for whom nasal trigeminal detection does not interfere because it requires much higher concentrations. Nasal trigeminal detection, called nasal pungency, was measured only in subjects lacking olfaction (i.e. anosmics) in order to avoid odor interference. Ocular trigeminal detection, called eye irritation, was measured in both groups. The method employed entailed a two‐alternative, forced‐choice procedure with presentation of increasing concentrations. The outcome showed, for both chemicals, similar ocular trigeminal chemosensitivity in normosmics and anosmics and similar overall ocular and nasal trigeminal chemosensitivity. Olfactory sensitivity was much higher than both forms of trigeminal sensitivity by concentration differences of six and four orders of magnitude for butyl acetate and toluene, respectively. Detectability plots (i.e. detection performance vs log concentration) for the three sensory endpoints followed an S‐shaped function with a middle range section that showed a robust linear fit (r > 0.94) on graphs of z‐score vs log concentration. These detectability functions allow the calculation of olfactory and trigeminal thresholds at various levels of performance. At a point half‐way between random and perfect detection, trigeminal and olfactory threshold concentrations were, respectively, 0.67 (±0.32) and 2.28 (±1.77) log units lower than those measured by us in the past for the same chemicals using an analogous procedure but under just one, fixed, level of performance. The available data suggest that, although considerably laborious, detectability functions provide chemosensory thresholds of closer relevance to environmentally realistic conditions (e.g. whole‐body exposures). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…After collecting data about their disease, and about the presence or absence of an olfactory complaint, the patients took the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center olfactory test 15 . Only patients who had regular olfactory function (normosmia) underwent the screening 16 .…”

Section: Olfactory Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both stages, each nasal cavity is assessed separately during the presentation of smells, closing them one at a time by digital compression, as it is possible to present with unilateral hyposmia/anosmia. During the test, the patient remained blindfolded 15 .…”

Section: Olfactory Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the answer was wrong, the patient took the next highest concentration flask (n # 9), and so on until they were successful. After the first correct response, the same flask was again presented to the patient, as the test is completed only when the patient responded to it correctly four times in a row, thus confirming their smell threshold, represented by the flask number 15 .…”

Section: Olfactory Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory alterations in patients with multiple sclerosis

Jordy

Starzewski

Macedo

et al. 2016

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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This cross-sectional study involves 100 multiple sclerosis (MS) and 100 non-MS patients, under the age of 60 years old, with nasal obstruction, traumatic brain injury, previous rhinoplasty or neurosurgery, and so forth. Objective To assess olfactory function using the Connecticut test and verify correlations between olfactory alteration, disease duration and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Methods One hundred MS patients and 100 healthy control patients responded to a questionnaire. Those with olfactory alteration underwent a facial CT to exclude other causes. Results Thirty-two percent of patients showed alterations, compared with 3% in the healthy control group. Patients having EDSS above 4, showed a 5.2-times increased risk of dysfunction. Patients over 38 years of age have a 2.2-times increased risk over younger patients. Conclusions Because MS patients are likely to experience olfactory alterations, this study is a useful tool in follow-up care, although more studies are necessary to evaluate the correlations in MS evolution.

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Evaluation of olfactory dysfunction in the connecticut chemosensory clinical research center

Cited by 474 publications

References 15 publications

Subliminal Smells can Guide Social Preferences

Subliminal Smells can Guide Social Preferences

Psychometric functions for the olfactory and trigeminal detectability of butyl acetate and toluene

Olfactory alterations in patients with multiple sclerosis

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