Subliminal Smells can Guide Social Preferences

Wen, Li; Moallem, Isabel; Paller, Ken A.; Gottfried, Jay A.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02023.x

Cited by 187 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Perhaps, the influence of olfactory cues on emotion is unconscious as shown by Li et al (2007) who found an effect of scent on the likability rating of faces only for participants lacking conscious awareness of the scent.…”

Section: Are Sensory Modalities Linked To Assessment Perspectives or mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Responses to Multisensory Environmental Stimuli

Schreuder¹,

Erp²,

Toet³

et al. 2016

SAGE Open

126

112

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How we perceive our environment affects the way we feel and behave. The impressions of our ambient environment are influenced by its entire spectrum of physical characteristics (e.g., luminosity, sound, scents, temperature) in a dynamic and interactive way. The ability to manipulate the sensory aspects of an environment such that people feel comfortable or exhibit a desired behavior is gaining interest and social relevance. Although much is known about the sensory effects of individual environmental characteristics, their combined effects are not a priori evident due to a wide range of non-linear interactions in the processing of sensory cues. As a result, it is currently not known how different environmental characteristics should be combined to effectively induce desired emotional and behavioral effects. To gain more insight into this matter, we performed a literature review on the emotional effects of multisensory stimulation. Although we found some interesting mechanisms, the outcome also reveals that empirical evidence is still scarce and haphazard. To stimulate further discussion and research, we propose a conceptual framework that describes how environmental interventions are likely to affect human emotional responses. This framework leads to some critical research questions that suggest opportunities for further investigation.

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Section: Are Sensory Modalities Linked To Assessment Perspectives or mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Responses to Multisensory Environmental Stimuli

Schreuder¹,

Erp²,

Toet³

et al. 2016

SAGE Open

126

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Odors may communicate emotional information such as disgust and fear (de Groot, Smeets, Kaldewaij, Duijndam, & Semin, 2012), and perception of body odors may guide social preferences (Li, Moallem, Paller, & Gottfried, 2007). Odors are particularly potent in evoking disgust, and disgust is the primary emotional response to unpleasant odors (Alaoui-Ismaïli, Robin, Rada, Dittmar, & Vernet-Maury, 1997;AlaouiIsmaïli, Vernet-Maury, Dittmar, Delhomme, & Chanel, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Valenced Odors and Trait Body Odor Disgust Affect Evaluation of Emotion in Dynamic Faces?

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Disgust is a core emotion evolved to detect and avoid the ingestion of poisonous food as well as the contact with pathogens and other harmful agents. Previous research has shown that multisensory presentation of olfactory and visual information may strengthen the processing of disgust-relevant information. However, it is not known whether these findings extend to dynamic facial stimuli that changes from neutral to emotionally expressive, or if individual differences in trait body odor disgust may influence the processing of disgust-related information. In this pre-registered study, we tested whether a classification of dynamic facial expressions as happy or disgusted, and an emotional evaluation of these facial expressions, would be affected by individual differences in body odor disgust sensitivity (BODS), and by exposure to a sweat-like, negatively valenced odor (valeric acid), as compared to a soap-like, positively valenced odor (lilac essence) or a no-odor control. Using Bayesian hypothesis testing, we found evidence that odors do not affect recognition of emotion in dynamic faces even when BODS was used as moderator. However, an exploratory analysis suggested that an

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“…Overall, these results are in accord with the hypothesis that a task-irrelevant motion direction presented in the background was misattributed as task-relevant information for preferential decisionmaking. As indicated in §1, previous studies have concentrated on misattribution that originates in cognitive stages, including those that process emotion [1,2], mood [4] and past choice [3]. However, the results of the present experiment suggest that misattribution can also originate in a visuomotor interaction stage.…”

Section: Results and Discussion (A) Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 48%

Preference suppression caused by misattribution of task-irrelevant subliminal motion

Shibata

Watanabe

2012

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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It is well known that subjects tend to misattribute task-irrelevant signals, incorporating them into the information on which a decision is made. Such misattribution has been reported to originate only from a social or a cognitive stage of information processing. However, we provide the initial evidence that misattribution also originates at a lower, visuomotor stage. This type of misattribution occurs only when subjects do not notice a visuomotor conflict. Misattribution at a social or a cognitive stage facilitates decision-making if the misattributed information is consistent with the decision and impedes decision-making if the information is in conflict with the decision. However, misattribution originating at a visuomotor stage only impedes decision-making, suggesting a fundamental difference between the mechanisms for the two types of misattribution. Furthermore, misattribution effects that originate in a visuomotor interaction stage also affect subjective preference ratings, suggesting that the misattribution exerts an influence on global brain processing.

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Subliminal Smells can Guide Social Preferences

Cited by 187 publications

References 30 publications

Emotional Responses to Multisensory Environmental Stimuli

Emotional Responses to Multisensory Environmental Stimuli

Do Valenced Odors and Trait Body Odor Disgust Affect Evaluation of Emotion in Dynamic Faces?

Preference suppression caused by misattribution of task-irrelevant subliminal motion

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