Evaluation of Mid-upper Arm Circumference in Pre-school Children: Comparison Between NCHS/CDC-2000 and WHO-2006 References

Nascimento, Viviane Gabriela; Machado, Thais Costa; Bertoli, Ciro João; Abreu, Luíz Carlos de; Valenti, Vítor Engrácia; Leone, Cláudio

doi:10.1093/tropej/fmq076

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the current study, although generally the prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was below the 20 %, 10 % and 5 % cut-offs, respectively, at which public health intervention is mandated, disparity in the prevalence rates was significantly associated with food security status (43,47,50) . The associations between food insecurity and anthropometric values differed between infants, weaners and older children.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…At this age of rapid growth, nutritional deficit could engender growth deficit such as observed in younger foodinsecure children. Even though an inferior MUAC value can be indicative of either chronic or acute undernutrition, it is often indicative of the latter (29,33,43,49) . However, we reasoned that the concurrent decreases in both MUAC and upper arm length values of food-insecure infants are indicative of chronic undernutrition in this age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second approach, Z-scores of applicable anthropometric indices were computed based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics child growth standards for US children (5,29,31,33,43) . Prevalence of malnutrition was determined based on Z-scores.…”

Section: Data Analysis Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthropometric characteristics of children living in food-insecure households in the USA

Tayie

Lambert

Aryeetey

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: This study provides information on food insecurity and child malnutrition in a technologically advanced nation. Design: Population-based study using multistage probability cluster sampling design to collect survey data. Multivariable regression models were used to determine associations between food security status and various malnutrition indices. Setting: We used a national sample from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. Participants: The anthropometric and demographic datasets of 4,121 children <7 years old were analyzed for this study. Results: Food insecure infants younger than 6 months had shorter upper arm length (−0.4 cm, p=0.012) and smaller mid-upper arm circumference (−0.5 cm, p=0.004), likewise those aged 6 months-1 year who had shorter upper arm length (−0.4 cm, p=0.008), body length (−1.7 cm, p=0.007) and lower body weight (−0.5 kg, p=0.008). Food insecure children younger than 2 years were more likely to be underweight (OR: 4.34; 95% CI: 1.99-9.46) compared to their food secure counterparts. Contrarywise, food insecure children older than 5 years were more likely to be obese (OR: 3.12; 95% CI: 1.23-7.96). Conclusion: Food insecurity associates with child growth deficits in the United States. Food insecure infants and young children are generally smaller and shorter, whereas older children are heavier than their food secure counterparts, implying a double burden of undernutrition-overnutrition associated with child food insecurity. Child food and nutrition programs to improve food insecurity should focus on infants and children in the transition ages.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthropometric characteristics of children living in food-insecure households in the USA

Tayie

Lambert

Aryeetey

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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“…The anthropometric profile of preschool children found in Santo Andre is compatible with the rapid nutritional transition shown in developing countries, including Latin America [ 6 ]. Third, in these stages of epidemiological nutritional transition, daycare and preschools, which are traditionally regarded as a protective factor for malnutrition, might become a risk for overweight and obesity, since it is where children stay on average 8 hours per day, 5 days per week, and where about 75% of daily calories [ 28 - 30 ] provided. It is clear that this finding cannot be attributed directly and exclusively to daycare centers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional status of pre-school children from low income families

Shoeps

Abreu

Valenti

et al. 2011

Nutr J

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BackgroundWe evaluated growth and nutritional status of preschool children between 2 and 6 years old from low income families from 14 daycare centers.MethodsCross-sectional study with 1544 children from daycare centers of Santo Andre, Brazil. Body weight (W), height (H) and body mass index (BMI) were classified according to the 2000 National Center for Health Statistics (CDC/NCHS). Cutoff points for nutritional disorders: -2 z scores and 2.5 and 10 percentiles for malnutrition risk, 85 to 95 percentile for overweight and above BMI 95 percentile for obesity. Stepwise Forward Regression method was used including age, gender, birth weight, breastfeeding duration, age of mother at birth and period of time they attended the daycare center.ResultsChildren presented mean z scores of H, W and BMI above the median of the CDC/NCHS reference. Girls were taller and heavier than boys, while we observed similar BMI between both genders. The z scores tended to rise with age. A Pearson Coefficient of Correlation of 0.89 for W, 0.93 for H and 0.95 for BMI was documented indicating positive association of age with weight, height and BMI. The frequency of children below -2 z scores was lower than expected: 1.5% for W, 1.75% for H and 0% for BMI, which suggests that there were no malnourished children. The other extremity of the distribution evidenced prevalence of overweight and obesity of 16.8% and 10.8%, respectively.ConclusionLow income preschool children are in an advanced stage of nutritional transition with a high prevalence of overweight.

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“…Weight and height were measured by researchers using internationally accepted techniques [23,24] under supervision of pediatricians from the daycare centers and all data were collected from records of child care using a standardized form. A portable Filizzola electronic scale accurate to within 0.1 kg was used to evaluate body weight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construct validity of a figure rating scale for Brazilian adolescents

Adami

Frainer

Almeida

et al. 2012

Nutr J

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BackgroundFigure rating scales were developed as a tool to determine body dissatisfaction in women, men, and children. However, it lacks in the literature the validation of the scale for body silhouettes previously adapted. We aimed to obtain evidence for construct validity of a figure rating scale for Brazilian adolescents.MethodsThe study was carried out with adolescent students attending three public schools in an urban region of the municipality of Florianopolis in the State of Santa Catarina (SC). The sample comprised 232 10-19-year-old students, 106 of whom are boys and 126 girls, from the 5th "series" (i.e. year) of Primary School to the 3rd year of Secondary School. Data-gathering involved the application of an instrument containing 8 body figure drawings representing a range of children's and adolescents' body shapes, ranging from very slim (contour 1) to obese (contour 8). Weights and heights were also collected, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated later. BMI was analyzed as a continuous variable, using z-scores, and as a dichotomous categorical variable, representing a diagnosis of nutritional status (normal and overweight including obesity).ResultsResults showed that both males and females with larger BMI z-scores chose larger body contours. Girls with higher BMI z-scores also show higher values of body image dissatisfaction.ConclusionWe provided the first evidence of validity for a figure rating scale for Brazilian adolescents.

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Evaluation of Mid-upper Arm Circumference in Pre-school Children: Comparison Between NCHS/CDC-2000 and WHO-2006 References

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Anthropometric characteristics of children living in food-insecure households in the USA

Anthropometric characteristics of children living in food-insecure households in the USA

Nutritional status of pre-school children from low income families

Construct validity of a figure rating scale for Brazilian adolescents

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