Evaluation of metal‐organic framework 5 as a new SPE material for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental waters

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks, a new class of materials with high surface area and great porosity, have been widely applied in gas sorption. It is generally known that metal-organic framework 5 cannot be applied in aqueous phase since it is water sensitive. However, this work reveals that the derived material of metal-organic framework 5 is a good SPE sorbent that can be applied to aqueous phases. Metal-organic framework 5 was prepared and used as a SPE sorbent for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental matrices coupling with HPLC. The water treatment induced changes in the properties were investigated in detail. Even though metal-organic framework 5 is conversed to a second phase after water treatment, it still shows high extraction ability. Under the optimized experimental conditions, good sensitivity levels were achieved with low LODs ranging from 0.4 to 4.0 ng L(-1) and a linearity of 0.004-20 μg L(-1) (R(2) > 0.996) for the investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The method has been validated in the analysis of real water samples with recoveries in the range of 80.2-120.2% and RSDs in the range of 0.5-11.7%.

Recent advances in solid-phase sorbents for sample preparation prior to chromatographic analysis

“…For sample preparation, Ouyang's group has reviewed MOFs as SPSs (e.g., for SPE and SPME) [210,211]. Yang et al prepared and evaluated MOFs and used them as new SPE materials for the determination of PAHs in environmental waters, coupling with HPLC [212]. Under the optimized experimental conditions, good sensitivity levels were achieved with low LODs in the range 0.4-4.0 ng/L and a linearity 0.004-20 µg/L (R 2 > 0.996).…”

The metal–organic framework HKUST-1 as efficient sorbent in a vortex-assisted dispersive micro solid-phase extraction of parabens from environmental waters, cosmetic creams, and human urine

“…MOFs are the only ones tested so far in the μ-SPE static mode, in which the MOF sorbent is placed in a syringe-like or disk-like device [16][17][18]. In the dispersive μ-SPE mode (D-μ-SPE), the MOFsorbent is completely mixed with the water matrix by means of ultrasounds, vortex, sonication, or using an emulsifier.…”

A Novel Protocol to Monitor Trace Levels of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Water Using Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detection

“…Nowadays, a number of unique materials have been synthesized and applied as sorbents for PAH extraction, including multi-walled carbon nanotubes [32], magnetic nanoparticles [42], and metal-organic frameworks [43]. However, the synthesis process of such materials is rather complex and often consumes large amounts of organic solvents and time.…”