Evaluation of mechanical weakening of calcarenite building stones due to environmental relative humidity using the vapour equilibrium technique

Rabat, Álvaro; Tomás, Roberto; Cano, Miguel

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105849

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Research reveals that water content can play a key role in the determination of UCS and the deformational features of the intact rock, even for small variations in the moisture content due to changes in the relative humidity of the air [44,45]. Natural moisture in rocks is also related to spalling events at temperatures lower than 200º C [7][8][9].…”

Section: Heating and Cooling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro and macro-structural effects of high temperatures in Prada limestone: Key factors for future fire-intervention protocols in Tres Ponts Tunnel (Spain)

Martínez-Ibáñez

Garrido

Signes

et al. 2021

Construction and Building Materials

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Temperature and cooling methods strongly affect the stability of tunnels drilled in rock masses and so condition interventions for fire emergencies. Samples from two horizontal boreholes drilled in 'Prada' limestone during the design stage of the Tres Ponts Tunnel in the Catalan south Pyrenean zone (Spain) are heated from 105 to 600º C, and subsequently cooled with air or water to simulate fire extinguishing interventions. Changes in chemical composition and microstructure, physical properties (open porosity, volume, dry total weight, P and S-wave velocity), and mechanical properties (uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio) are analysed. Rock weakening is observed even at low temperatures (T<300º C). The influence of the cooling method appeared at intermediate temperatures of 300-400º C and open porosity, P and S-wave velocities, and elastic modulus show greater variation for water-cooled samples. A temperature of 500º C is of paramount importance for 'Prada' limestone as it leads to a dramatic increase in porosity and a notable decrease in P and S-wave velocities under both cooling methods. Trans-granular micro-crack progression is observed at 500º C using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and water-cooled samples show a greater loss in uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and this is due to micro-crack connections and growing fissures. Thermal damage at 600º C is also greater when samples are quickly cooled. An ANOVA and a simple regression analysis are performed to discard the influence of the natural location of the borehole samples in the obtained experimental results. Finally, correlations to predict UCS and elastic modulus from volume, open porosity, and P-wave velocity after thermal treatment are proposed using simple exponential and potential functions to help make preliminary decisions after a tunnel fire. These predictive results on the effects of fire on Prada limestone will be considered for the definition of future fire intervention protocols in the Tres Ponts Tunnel.

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Section: Heating and Cooling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro and macro-structural effects of high temperatures in Prada limestone: Key factors for future fire-intervention protocols in Tres Ponts Tunnel (Spain)

Martínez-Ibáñez

Garrido

Signes

et al. 2021

Construction and Building Materials

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“…Porous structures are exposed to different environmental factors (relative humidity and water permeability) throughout their lifetime and cracks can occur as a result of the deterioration of intergranular bonds in the rock under the effect of water pressure. As a result, the mechanical properties of the rocks decreases and their strength decreases in time [35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Pore Size Distribution (Mip) Of Travertinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Pore and Filling Material Bond in Filled Travertine Used as a Building Material

Çetintaş

2022

Period. Polytech. Civil Eng.

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Pores, voids, and cracks reduce the strength and economic value of travertine and limits its use. When used as a building material, travertine is often filled to increase its strength and extend its service life. The present experimental study investigates the bond between the pore filler in cement-based filling materials and travertine. For the purpose of the study, five travertine samples were filled with a cement-based filling material. A polarized microscope was used for the mineralogical-petrographic characterization of the travertines, while an image analysis software program (CLEMEX) was used to determine pore size and the number of travertines. A mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) technique was used to determine the size and the distribution of pores in the travertine, while the pore filling was identified and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The pore structure, the bonding of the filler with the pore and the filler performance were then discussed. There was no gap between the pore filling and the Noche travertine sample. The best pore-fill-travertine bond was formed. An opening at the border of the pore filling and the travertine was visible in the Yellow travertine sample. Shrinkages and collapses were noted in the applied filling process, and filing shrinkage was also noted in the Red, Silver and Light travertine samples, preventing the establishment of a healthy connection between the pore filling and the travertine.

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“…They have demonstrated that uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), compressive Young's modulus (E c ) and shear strength parameters of sedimentary rocks can be significantly reduced after their full and partial water saturation (e.g. Hawkins and McConnell, 1992;Vásárhelyi, 2005;Erguler and Ulusay, 2009;Shakoor and Barefield, 2009;Kim and Changani, 2016;Rabat et al, 2020aRabat et al, , 2020bRabat et al, , 2020cRabat et al, , 2021. However, the mechanical response of these geomaterials under tensile stress and its water-induced variation have been poorly analysed due to the difficulties in tensile testing (Briševac et al, 2015;Hashiba and Fukui, 2015;Okubo and Fukui, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing water-induced changes in tensile behaviour of porous limestones by means of uniaxial direct pull test and indirect methods

Rabat

Tomás

Cano

2023

Engineering Geology

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Evaluation of mechanical weakening of calcarenite building stones due to environmental relative humidity using the vapour equilibrium technique

Cited by 25 publications

References 85 publications

Micro and macro-structural effects of high temperatures in Prada limestone: Key factors for future fire-intervention protocols in Tres Ponts Tunnel (Spain)

Micro and macro-structural effects of high temperatures in Prada limestone: Key factors for future fire-intervention protocols in Tres Ponts Tunnel (Spain)

Investigation of Pore and Filling Material Bond in Filled Travertine Used as a Building Material

Assessing water-induced changes in tensile behaviour of porous limestones by means of uniaxial direct pull test and indirect methods

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