Evaluation of lower urinary tract disease in the Yogyakarta cat population, Indonesia

Abstract

<jats:p>Background and Aim: This paper reports a retrospective study performed in 185 cats diagnosed with feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). The analyzed population involved feline patients at the Veterinary Clinic of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. This research aimed to evaluate the clinical indications and causes of FLUTD in the Yogyakarta cat population. Materials and Methods: The medical data of all feline patients were obtained to conduct this study. FLUTD diagnoses were based on physical examinations, urinalyses, ultrasound examinations, and bacterial cultures. Only cats with a complete examination were used in the study. The clinical signs were evaluated and accompanied by the results of laboratory tests in cats that showed symptoms of FLUTD. The medical history of all feline patients was analyzed thoroughly. Most of the feline's urine samples were collected by catheterization. Results: The most commonly diagnosed of FLUTD in the Yogyakarta cat population were: feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) (56%), urinary tract infection (UTI; 25%), urolithiasis (13%), urethral plugs (UP) (4.9%), and neoplasia (0.4%), respectively. The prevalence of UTI is higher than that reported in Europe or the US. Older cats more often show symptoms of UTI and neoplasia, whereas young cats more often show symptoms of FIC and UP. The prevalence of male cats experiencing FLUTD in Yogyakarta is much higher than female cats. Conclusion: The incidence rate of FLUTD cases in Yogyakarta is related to age and sex. The results of this study are similar to those of the previous research studies conducted in other countries.</jats:p>

Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Potential Biomarkers and Management of Feline Idiopathic Cystitis: An Update Review

“…These findings, combined with some results mentioned in Sparkes's review and some unpublished data ( 22 ), confirm that FLUTD occurs commonly, accounting for ~1.5–4.5% of the whole feline caseload in veterinary clinics. The prevalence of cats classified as FIC in FLUTD cats was reported to be 55% in 1991 ( 23 ), and 63% in 2001 in the United States ( 5 ), and has been estimated to be 57% in Switzerland ( 8 ), 55% in Germany ( 24 ), 55.5% in Norway ( 11 ), 60.7% in Poland ( 25 ), 66.4% in Korea ( 20 ), 57.7% in Thailand ( 21 ), and 56% in Indonesia ( 26 ). Therefore, it can be concluded that the prevalence of FIC among cats with FLUTD ranged from 55% to around 67% and FIC is the most frequent cause of FLUTD ( Figure 1 ).…”

An Investigation of Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations and Aetiology of Lower Urinary Tract Diseases in Cats in Diyarbakır, Turkiye

“…Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a common feline disease characterized by urinary bladder and urethral dysfunction [1,2]. FLUTD is a broad term for many disorders, including feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC), urethral plaque (UP), urolithiasis, urinary tract neoplasia and urinary tract infection (UTI) [1]. Common clinical manifestations of the disease include dysuria, haematuria, stranguria, pollakiuria and periuria [2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…A review of the relevant literature indicated that FIC was the most frequently diagnosed disease (55%-60%) among lower urinary tract diseases [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Urethral obstruction is a prevalent complication of the disease, especially in male cats [3,6].…”

“…3 (2022) AKIN KOCHAN AND AYNUR SIMSEK most prevalent FLUTD (57.7%), followed by urolithiasis (18%) [3]. In an Indonesian study, the most frequently diagnosed diseases were FIC (55%), UTI (25%), urolithiasis (13%), UP (4.9%) and neoplasia (0.4%) [1]. Another Indonesian study reported that FLUTD was associated with FIC (21.9%), urolithiasis (57.5%), UTI (16.4%), neoplasia (1.4%), trauma 1.4% and nervous disorders (1.4%) [8].…”

Stasis urin pada Kucing: Evaluasi Klinis dan Laboratoris

“…Kasus FLUTD sering kali dapat dikenali ketika kucing menunjukkan gejala klinis antara lain hematuria, pollakiuria, stranguria, periuria, disuria dan membesarnya VU (Dorsch et al, 2014;Lund et al 2015;Nururrozi et al, 2020). Pada tahap awal gejala klinis tersebut sering kali tidak dikenali oleh pemiliknya, sehingga gangguan akan menjadi lebih parah.…”