No abstract

Bu çalışma Nisan 2011-Mart 2012 tarihleri arasında Diyarbakır ilinde sokak köpeklerinde mide bağırsak helmintlerinin prevalansını belirlemek için 104 köpek üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Dışkı örnekleri Diyarbakır Büyükşehir Belediyesi Hayvan Bakımevi ve Rehabilitasyon Merkezi'nde bulunan köpeklerinin rektumundan toplanmıştır. Laboratuara getirilen dışkı örnekleri önce makroskobik olarak muayene edilmiş daha sonra Fulloborn yüzdürme ve Benedek çöktürme yöntemi ile helmint yumurtaları yönünden incelenmiştir. Dışkı bakı sonuçlarına göre 104 köpeğin 34'ünün (%32.7) çeşitli helmint türleri ile enfekte olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Enfeksiyondan sorumlu parazitlerin sırasıyla; Toxocara canis (%15.3), Ancylostomacaninum (%8.6), Toxascaris leonina (%4.8), Taenia spp. (%3.8), Dipylidium caninum (%2.8), Alaria spp. (%1.9) olduğu görülmüştür. Dişi köpeklerde enfeksiyon oranı %32.8 erkeklerde ise %32.5 olarak belirlenmiştir. Mide bağırsak helmintleri ile enfeksiyon oranının yaşa göre dağılımı incelendiğinde en yüksek enfeksiyon oranı 3-6 yaş aralığındakilerde (%38.6) görülmüştür. Bunu 0.5-3 (%32.1) ve 7-9 (%11.1) yaş aralıklarındakiler izlemiştir. Sonuç olarak; Diyarbakır illindeki sokak köpeklerinin insan sağlığını tehlikeye sokabilecek helmintlerle enfekte olduğu ortaya konmuş ve bu tehlikeye karşı önlem alınması gerektiği kanısına varılmıştır.

F ELINE lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a common feline disease characterized by urinary bladder and urethral dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate the epidemiological data, clinical symptoms, aetiology and risk factors of lower urinary tract diseases in the feline population in Diyarbakir and compare the data with published research results. The health records of 1658 cats who presented to the Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University between January 2020 and May 2022 were reviewed, and 38 cats diagnosed with feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) were included in the study. Information about the patients' age, sex, diet and sterilization status was recorded. Following the collection of anamnesis data (diet, accommodation conditions and observed abnormalities), clinical examination, haematological analysis, serum biochemical analyses, radiography and abdominal ultrasonography were performed to make a diagnosis. A total of 21 (55.26%) patients were diagnosed with feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC)/urinary tract infection (UTI), 11 (28.9%) with urolithiasis, 5 (13%) urethral plaque and 1 (2.63%) with neoplasia. The most frequent cause of FLUTD was FIC/UTI. FIC was the most prevalent FLUTD in the Diyarbakir region, with the most frequent clinical symptoms being pain, stranguria, pollakiuria, haematuria, obstruction and periuria. The disease was more prevalent in male cats, and a single-cat household setting, dry and wet food diets and drinking tap water were important risk factors for the occurrence of the disease.

Bovine tuberculosis is an important zoonotic disease transmitted by direct contact, respiratory pathway, ingestion of unpasteurised milk and milk product, raw or undercooked meat. Tuberculosis can be difficult to diagnose based only on the clinical signs. Tuberculosis is usually diagnosed in the field with the tuberculin skin test. Sputum and other body fluids may be collected for microbiological examination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have also been described. Diagnostic blood tests include the lymphocyte proliferation assay, the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In this study a total of 50 animals were tested by using tuberculin skin test (TST), lateral flow rapid test, IFN-γ assay and real time PCR. The animals were selected randomly among 178 cattle in dairy farms with the aged between 3-5 years and suspected of having tuberculosis. Forty five cattle were positive out of 50 for TST while 31 for reactive by the IFN-γ assay and 28 for rapid test and 9 for real time PCR. The purpose behind such variable as age was to compare sensitivity of tuberculin skin test, the IFN-γ assay and TB lateral flow rapid test and real time PCR examination for the diagnosis of field outbreaks of bovine tuberculosis in Turkey. Keywords: IFN-γ assay, Real time PCR, TB lateral flow rapid test, Tuberculin skin test, Tuberculosis Sahada Görülen Sığır Tüberkülozunun Tanısında Kullanılan Tuberculin Skin Test, IFN-γ Assay, Gerçek Zamanlı PCR ve Lateral Flow Rapid Testlerinin KarşılaştırılmasıÖzet Sığır tüberkülozu; direkt temas, solunum yolu, pastörize edilmemiş süt ve süt ürünleri, çiğ ya da az pişmiş etlerin alınmasıyla insanlara da bulaşabilen önemli bir zoonoz hastalıktır. Yalnızca klinik bulgulara bakarak tüberkülozu teşhis etmek zor olabilmektedir. Genellikle tüberkülozun tanısı sahada tüberkülin testiyle konulmaktadır. Mikrobiyolojik muayene amacıyla kraşe ve diğer vücut sıvıları temin edilmektedir. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) yöntemleri de kullanılabilmektedir. Tanı amaçlı kan testleri arasında lenfosit proliferasyon testi, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) testi ve enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 50 hayvan tuberculin skin test (TST), lateral flow rapid test, IFN-γ assay ve gerçek zamanlı PCR kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Hayvanlar 3-5 yaş arasındaki tüberküloz şüpheli 178 sütçü sığır arasından rastgele seçilmiştir. TST sonuçlarına göre 50 sığırdan 45'i pozitifken, IFN-γ testine göre 31'i pozitif bulunmuştur. TB lateral flow rapid testte 28 pozitif, gerçek zamanlı PCR testinde ise 9 pozitif sonuç bulunmuştur. Çalışmamızda farklı testlerin uygulanmasının amacı tüberkülin skin test, IFN-γ assay, TB lateral flow rapid test ve gerçek zamanlı PCR testinin Türkiye'de karşılaşılan sığır tüberkülozundaki duyarlılıklarının karşılaştırılmasıdır.

D ermatophilus congolensis infection in sheep is manifested as matted tufting, entanglement, hardening and loss of wool, and thickening and itching of the skin, altogether which eventually results in economic losses. We investigated the clinical, hematological and biochemical findings in sheep naturally infected with Dermatophilus congolensis. For this purpose, 35 infected Akkaraman sheep (aged: 3-4 years, belonging to a flock of 200 animals) were referred to Prof. Dr. Servet SEKIN Polyclinic of the Dicle University, Veterinary Faculty with various skin problems were included. The infected sheep presented with crusted skin lesions, matted wool tufts, alopecia, and pruritus. Their biochemical serum analyses revealed increased serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin and calcium levels, and decreased creatinine, sodium and potassium levels in comparison with the control animals. The infected animals were treated with parenteral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Synulox ® -Zoetis; 8.75 mg/kg body weight, i.m., once daily for 5 days) and local povidone-iodine (Batimer ® -Esmira) administration, and observed for response to the treatment regimen. We found that Dermatophilus congolensis infection causes skin and wool damage in sheep, along with alteration in the serum biochemical parameters.

Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal parasite worldwide that can cause infection in humans and animals. Blastocystis sp. has a high genetic diversity with 17 different subtypes (ST) identified to date. Since nine of these subtypes are common in both humans and animals, it has been proposed that animals may have a role in the transmission of Blastocystis sp. to human. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiological effect of animals on the human transmission of Blastocystis species by molecular methods for in our country. A total of 420 faecal samples were collected from the cattle, sheep, dogs, horses and chickens. Samples were stained with trichrome staining and cultivated by Jones's medium culture method. Blastocystis was detected in 53(12.6%) of 420. The samples were examined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to identify nine common human subtypes. Subtypes were not detected in 33(62.3) of the 53 Blastocystis positive samples. Subtypes were detected in 20(37.7%) samples. The detected subtypes were as follows: ST5 in 4(7.5%) sheep, ST6 in 6(11.3%) chickens, ST7 in 11(20.7%) chickens, both ST6-ST7 were detected in one chicken). ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST4 - common subtypes in our country- were not detected in any animal. Sheep and chickens may be the source of human transmission of ST5, ST6 and ST7, the rare subtypes in our country. As a result, humans rather than animals, seem to be the source of the human transmission of Blastocystis sp. in our country.

Buzağı ishalleri; tedavi ve profilaksi için yapılan masraflar, gelişme geriliği ve ölümlere sebep olmasından dolayı hayvancılık işletmelerinde önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır (1). Buzağılarda ishal; bakteriyel (E.

Objective: Coccidiosis is a protozoan infection that can result in hemorrhagic diarrhea, depression, weakness, weight loss, and even mortality in young animals. β-defensin-1 is an antimicrobial peptide produced largely by epithelial cells in the skin and mucosa. It possesses antifungal, antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antiviral properties. The goal of this study was to evaluate how β-defensin-1 levels changed in coccidiosis-infected calves. Materials and Methods: The sample included 10 coccidiosis-positive calves and 7 healthy calves, for a total of 17 calves of diverse breeds and older than 15 days. To assess the level of β-defensin-1, blood samples were obtained from the vena jugularis of the animals. The concentrations of β-defensin-1 in the serum were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Results: Although the serum β-defensin-1 level decreased in infected animals, the drop was not statistically significant when compared to the control group. Conclusion: According to the study’s findings, there was no significant change in the serum β-defensin-1 level in coccidiosis-infected calves. We believe that it will be advantageous to conduct additional studies with a larger sample size in order to acquire more precise results.