Evaluation of Flight Control™ and Mesurol® as repellents to reduce horned lark (Eremophila alpestris) damage to lettuce seedlings

York, Darryl L.; Cummings, John L.; Engeman, Richard M.; Davis, James Earl

doi:10.1016/s0261-2194(00)00011-9

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Even low-tillage practices disturb soil and shift debris; this displaces other rodents and is a key attraction for the deer mouse. Although the horned lark has been linked with seed removal and sprout damage to agriculture in many locales, most reports involve cultivated, irrigated crops in other regions of the US (York et al, 2000); densities are too low here. Greater threats are likely posed by deer, jack rabbits, and raccoons, especially during droughts and at harvest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Impacts of small mammals and birds on low-tillage, dryland crops

et al. 2003

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During 2000-2001, small mammals, birds, and potential corn/soybean damage were studied at a low-tillage, non-irrigated agricultural research site in the Colorado Piedmont. A small mammal survey involved four trapping sessions and 18, 12-live-trap grids each. Within years, two grids each were placed at random, fixed locations in experimental corn, fallow, millet, pea, soybean, sunflower, and wheat plots at the site; two off-plot grids each were set at random, fixed locations o100 m from the north and south edge of these plots. In 2001, periodic bird observations were conducted, and damage to corn and soybean plants was assessed. Capture rates were low during all trap sessions (range 0.1%-3.3%, % X ¼ 2:2%). Sixty-three small mammals were captured and 39 were recaptured. Captures included deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), northern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys leucogaster), thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), and western harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys megalotis). Deer mice accounted for 56 of the initial captures (88.9%). In-crop captures (n ¼ 15) and recaptures (n ¼ 16) were most frequent in wheat plots. Bird counts were low and included horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), killdeer plover (Charadrius vociferus), lark bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys), mountain plover (Charadrius montanus), mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), and western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta). No direct seed removal, sprout removal, or plant clipping by small mammals or birds was observed, but some clipping of soybean plants was attributed to deer (Odocoileus virginianus and O. hemionus) and jack rabbits (Lepus townsendii or L. californicus). Plant debris accumulation is viewed as a key factor determining small mammal abundance and potential damage in low-till agriculture. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Impacts of small mammals and birds on low-tillage, dryland crops

et al. 2003

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“…Enclosure trials of an AQ‐based formulation (50% AQ) sprayed on lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings at 2.79 kg ha −1 did not prevent damage from horned larks (i.e. 60% damage was observed) . An AQ‐based formulation (50% AQ) sprayed on lettuce seedlings at 10 L ha −1 effectively repelled horned larks within experimental enclosures (i.e.…”

Section: Avian Foliar Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60% damage was observed). 61 An AQ-based formulation (50% AQ) sprayed on lettuce seedlings at 10 L ha −1 effectively repelled horned larks within experimental enclosures (i.e. 8.5% damage within treated and 68% damage within untreated enclosures).…”

Section: Lettucementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of anthraquinone applications for pest management and agricultural crop protection

DeLiberto

Werner

2016

Pest Management Science

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“…Horned lark damage to lettuce crops has motivated the use of several bird damage management techniques, including chemical repellents. Although methiocarb effectively reduced horned lark damage to lettuce seedlings in aviary tests (Cummings et al, 1998) and a field enclosure study (York et al, 2000), methiocarb is no longer registered in the U.S. as a bird repellent. Werner et al (2015) observed 38-100% feeding repellency among horned larks offered wheat seeds treated with 168-3010 ppm anthraquinone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horned lark damage to pre-emerged canola seedlings

Schillinger

Werner

2016

Industrial Crops and Products

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a b s t r a c tWinter canola (Brassica napus L.) is considered the most promising domestically-produced oilseed feedstock for biodiesel production and for diversifying wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-based cropping systems in the Inland Pacific Northwest, USA. Winter canola field experiments conducted in east-central Washington were completely destroyed, and commercial fields were damaged or destroyed, over several years by large flocks of horned larks (Eremophilia alperestis L.) that ate the cotyledon leaves of pre-emerged and newly-emerged seedlings. Numerous control methods were attempted in field experiments, including laying bird netting over the entire experiment, placement of a life-size predator decoy in a field experiment, loud propane-powered cannon blasts, and mixing garlic with canola seed before planting followed by spraying garlic water on the soil surface. None of the attempted control methods were successful. This is the first report in the literature of horned lark damage to pre-emerged and newly-emerged canola seedlings. We discuss questions relevant to our novel account as well as potential abatement using falcons and non-toxic chemical repellents for the protection of industrial canola crops associated with horned lark depredation.

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Evaluation of Flight Control™ and Mesurol® as repellents to reduce horned lark (Eremophila alpestris) damage to lettuce seedlings

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Impacts of small mammals and birds on low-tillage, dryland crops

Impacts of small mammals and birds on low-tillage, dryland crops

Review of anthraquinone applications for pest management and agricultural crop protection

Horned lark damage to pre-emerged canola seedlings

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