“…Several methods of FP surface treatment have been advocated to increase the bond strength ( Mosharraf and Baghaei Yazdi, 2012 , Kim et al, 2013 ). These methods are generally categorized into three categories ( Monticelli et al, 2008 ), namely (1) chemical treatment with various concentrations of one of the following materials: phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen peroxide, methylene chloride ( Yenisey and Kulunk, 2008 , Elsaka, 2013 , Prado et al, 2017 ), potassium permanganate, sodium ethoxide ( Monticelli et al, 2006a ) or hydrochloric acid ( Monticelli et al, 2006b ); (2) micromechanical roughening of the surface by sandblasting technique using aluminum oxide or silica particles ( Zicari et al, 2012 , Sahafi et al, 2003 , Sahafi et al, 2004 , Cekic-Nagas et al, 2011 ); and (3) combination of chemical and micro-mechanical treatments ( Monticelli et al, 2008 ). These methods of treatments increase the FP surface roughness to enhance the mechanical attachment of the bonded surfaces, and/or expose the fibers through the removal of the matrix enabling salinization and chemical adhesion of the bonded surfaces.…”