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The incorporation of bioactive glass into bone tissue-engineered scaffolds can be widely beneficial based on emerging evidence in the literature about the angiogenic potential of this material, particularly 45S5 Bioglass((R)). This article reviews the literature discussing in vitro studies which have demonstrated that increases in angiogenic indicators have been achieved through both direct and indirect contact of relevant cells with 45S5 Bioglass((R)) particles or with their dissolution products. A few available in vivo studies confirming the ability of bioactive glass, incorporated into scaffolds, to stimulate neovascularization are also discussed. Suggestions for further research are given, highlighting the need for specific investigations designed to assess the effect of particular ion dissolution products from bioactive glasses and their relative concentration on angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo.

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Bioactive and bioresorbable composite materials were fabricated using macroporous poly(DL-lactide) (PDLLA) foams coated with and impregnated by bioactive glass (Bioglass®) particles. Stable and homogeneous Bioglasss coatings on the surface of PDLLA foams as well as infiltration of Bioglass® particles throughout the porous network were achieved using a slurry-dipping technique in conjunction with pre-treatment of the foams in ethanol. The quality of the bioactive glass coatings was reproducible in terms of thickness and microstructure. Additionally, electrophoretic deposition was investigated as an alternative method for the fabrication of PDLLA foam/Bioglass® composite materials. In vitro studies in simulated body fluid (SBF) were performed to study the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the surface of PDLLA/Bioglass® composites. SEM analysis showed that the HA layer thickness rapidly increased with increasing time in SBF. The high bioactivity of the PDLLA foam/Bioglasss composites indicates the potential of the materials for use as bioactive, resorbable scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.