Evaluation of corn steep powder as a protein source for feed of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Abstract

This study was aimed to evaluate the use of corn steep powder (CSP) as a plant protein source in Oreochromis niloticus diet. A commercial feed with 28% protein content and 368 kcal/g energy was used as reference diet, while the test feed consisting of various CSP content, namely 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% and feed containing soybean meal (SBM) at the level of 20% and 30%. Tilapia were used in the trial with the initial body weight of 6.44 ± 0.29 g, and reared for thirty days in the aquarium at the density of fifteen and fed 3 times daily at a satiation level. All diets were supplied by 0.5% of Cr2O3 as an indicator for digestibility measurement. This study applied the completely randomized design experimental method containing six diet treatments and four replications. The result showed that CSP contains 40.27% protein, 26.10% lactic acid, and minerals. CSP is low in crude fiber and anti-nutritional factors. This study results that increasing the level of CSP significantly decreased feed acidity (P <0.05) compared to the control. The addition of CSP 20% increased feed digestibility including protein, lipid, energy, and dry matter digestibility. CSP 20% treatment increased final body weight, specific growth rate and reduced feed conversion ratio significantly (P<0.05) compare to other treatments. In conclusion, CSP can be used up to 20% to improve the growth performance of tilapia.
 
 Keyword: corn steep powder, feed digestibility, growth performance, tilapia
 
 ABSTRAK
 
 Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penggunaan corn steep powder (CSP) sebagai sumber protein nabati pada pakan ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus. Pakan komersial dengan kadar protein 28% dan energi 368 kkal/g digunakan sebagai pakan acuan, sementara pakan uji terdiri atas pakan dengan kandungan CSP sebanyak 0% (CSP0), 10% (CSP10), 20% (CSP20) dan 30% (CSP30) serta pakan dengan kandungan tepung bungkil kedelai (SBM) pada level 20% (SBM20) dan 30% (SBM30) sebagai pembanding. Penambahan Cr2O3 0,5 % diberikan sebagai indikator untuk mengukur kecernaan. Ikan nila dengan bobot tubuh rata-rata 6.44 ± 0.29 dipelihara dalam akuarium (95×45×45 cm3) yang diisi air 100 L dengan kepadatan 15 ekor per akuarium dan diberi pakan tiga kali sehari secara at satiation selama 30 hari masa pemeliharaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain rancangan acak lengkap dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CSP mengandung protein sebesar 40,27%, asam laktat 26,10%, beberapa mineral dan indeks asam amino esensial 0,90. CSP juga rendah serat kasar dan zat antinutrisi. Peningkatan dosis CSP menurunkan pH pakan secara signifikan (P<0.05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penambahan CSP sampai level 20% meningkatkan nilai kecernaan total, kecernaan bahan, kecernaan protein, kecernaan lemak dan kecernaan energi. Di samping itu, perlakuan CSP 20% meningkatkan bobot akhir, laju pertumbuhan harian dan rasio konversi pakan yang signifikan (P<0,05) dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian CSP 20% dapat meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan nila.
 
 Kata kunci: corn steep powder, kecernaan pakan, pertumbuhan, ikan nila

Effect of Different Sources of Plant Protein on the Growth of Tilapia Fry (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…One of the nutritional aspects that are specifically important to be in the feed ingredient and directly determine the cost is protein 9 . For the cost, a relatively low price is still on the top of the list and sustainability is needed to be maintained 30 .…”

“…The high-quality feed can be fulfilled through ingredients selection with balanced nutritional content. Protein is one of the nutritional aspects that are especially important to have in the feed ingredient because it directly affects the cost 9 . The optimal dietary protein level promotes the efficiency of aquaculture and reduces feed costs 10 .…”

Growth performance and cost-effectiveness of replacement of fishmeal with plant-based protein source, Leucaena leucocephala in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings

“…The lowest food conversion ratios recorded in diets T3 and T1 indicate that fish fed with these two diets effectively converted their food to body growth than those fed with diet T4 which had the highest food conversion ratio (Fry et al 2018). The lowest food conversion ratios recorded in diets T3 and T1 could be likened to low crude fibre, elevated crude protein, and low levels of antinutritional elements which promote or support food digestibility (Hermawan et al 2021). Diet T4 with 30% inclusion levels of Leucaena leaf meal which recorded the highest food conversion ratio, could be attributed to high fibre contents in the diet due to high inclusion level of plant protein (Leucaena leaf meal), low crude protein and high levels of nutrient-inhibitory elements like saponin and mimosine leading to poor digestibility and palatability (Agbo et al 2011).…”

Effect of Replacement of Fish Meal by Corn by Product Meal on Growth Performance For Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus )

“…Besides, Wu et al [21] reported that CGM could replace 75% of dietary FM (equal to 16.2% of CGM inclusion level in diet) without reducing the growth performance of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) significantly. Besides, Hermawan et al [22] reported that CGM could be incorporated into the Nile tilapia feed diet.The economic evaluation indicated that incorporating CGM into fish feed might lower feeding costs by 5-6 times compared to FM-based diets.…”