Evaluation of biocompatibility of the surface of polyethylene films modified with various water soluble polymers using Ar plasma-post polymerization technique
“…On the other hand the hinge material (SPR 220) can cause in-vivo inflammation. However, the SPR 220 biocompatibility can be improved by surface modification techniques like anticoagulant immobilization on carbodiimide activated surfaces 61 or deposition of a thin layer of Polyethylene (PE) 62 on the hinges, the nanometer thickness of the biocompatible polymer layers does not impact the self-folding yield. The cubic structures can be further encapsulated within a biocompatible polymer shell along with other microbot components to avoid triggering an immune response.Figure 5Optical Image of the 500 μm three-dimensional cubic inclinometer.…”
Split-ring resonators (SRRs) present an attractive avenue for the development of micro/nano scale inclinometers for applications like medical microbots, military hardware, and nanosatellite systems. However, the 180° isotropy of their two-dimensional structure presents a major hurdle. In this paper, we present the design of a three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic SRR functioning as a microscale inclinometer enabling it to remotely sense rotations from 0° to 360° along all three axes (X, Y, and Z), by employing the geometric property of a 3D structure. The completely polymeric composition of the cubic structure renders it transparent to the Terahertz (THz) light, providing a transmission response of the tilted SRRs patterned on its surface that is free of any distortion, coupling, and does not converge to a single point for two different angular positions. Fabrication, simulation, and measurement data have been presented to demonstrate the superior performance of the 3D micro devices.
“…On the other hand the hinge material (SPR 220) can cause in-vivo inflammation. However, the SPR 220 biocompatibility can be improved by surface modification techniques like anticoagulant immobilization on carbodiimide activated surfaces 61 or deposition of a thin layer of Polyethylene (PE) 62 on the hinges, the nanometer thickness of the biocompatible polymer layers does not impact the self-folding yield. The cubic structures can be further encapsulated within a biocompatible polymer shell along with other microbot components to avoid triggering an immune response.Figure 5Optical Image of the 500 μm three-dimensional cubic inclinometer.…”
Split-ring resonators (SRRs) present an attractive avenue for the development of micro/nano scale inclinometers for applications like medical microbots, military hardware, and nanosatellite systems. However, the 180° isotropy of their two-dimensional structure presents a major hurdle. In this paper, we present the design of a three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic SRR functioning as a microscale inclinometer enabling it to remotely sense rotations from 0° to 360° along all three axes (X, Y, and Z), by employing the geometric property of a 3D structure. The completely polymeric composition of the cubic structure renders it transparent to the Terahertz (THz) light, providing a transmission response of the tilted SRRs patterned on its surface that is free of any distortion, coupling, and does not converge to a single point for two different angular positions. Fabrication, simulation, and measurement data have been presented to demonstrate the superior performance of the 3D micro devices.
“…Sugiyami et al presented the biocompatibility of polyethylene grafted (g-PE) films modified with multiple polymer segments by measuring the adsorption of serum proteins to the surfaces and the rate of enzymatic reaction of thrombin with a synthetic substrate. It was found that PMPC-g-PE suppressed the amount of proteins adherent to the surface more than any other system because the PMPC segments have the largest amount of free water around the main chain (Sugiyami et al 2000).…”
Section: Biocompatibility and Toxicity Analysis Of Hydrogelsmentioning
“…Based on a technique developed by Chapman and colleagues [78] who successfully coupled synthetic methacryloyl-phosphorylcholine/lauryl-methacrylate (MPC:LM) copolymers with metal and synthetic surfaces [23], the process involves coating the surface polymer with a derivative of phosphorylcholine, the major lipid head component of the outer surface monolayer of biological cell surface membranes [9]. Due to its hydrophilic properties, MPC:LM is referred to as a hydrogel [79,80]. The hydrogel is relatively easily coated onto other polymer surfaces post fabrication, in a manner that is stable and safe with minimal leaching [9].…”
Section: Biomembrane Mimicrymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There was also evidence of decreased factor XII activation [9]. Finally, when solubilized, the MPC inhibits thrombin by an as yet undefined mechanism [79].…”
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) represents one of the most important technical innovations in healthcare history, yet the systemic responses to CPB remain a fundamentally unresolved problem. Study of the blood-biomaterial interaction and development of biocompatible materials is intimately related to efforts to optimize patient outcome following CPB. This article reviews the design innovations in biomaterial surfaces that have been introduced into clinical practice in an attempt to ameliorate the detrimental consequences of CPB, contrasting the actual clinical improvements and patient benefits achieved against those predicted on the basis of theory and in vitro testing. Some discussion of the underlying mechanisms of action as presently understood is provided and the current limitations of biomaterial-dependent strategies to improve outcome following CPB are addressed.
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