Three-Dimensional Anisotropic Metamaterials as Triaxial Optical Inclinometers

Agarwal, Kriti; Liu, Chao; Joung, Daeha; Park, Hyeong Ryeol; Oh, Sang Hyun; Cho, Jeong-Hyun

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02865-z

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Cubes that are 500 μm in size with symmetric X-shaped resonator segments were fabricated using a self-assembly process − to experimentally demonstrate the use of the 3D OSRR design as isotropic octagrams (Figure ). The OSRRs were patterned on a cubic surface with transparent SU-8 2010 (MicroChem) panels and SPR 220-7.0 (MEGAPOSIT) hinges.…”

Section: Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, ∼21 μm thick polymer hinges of SPR 220-7.0 positive photoresist were patterned between the panels (Figure c). It should be noted that polymer-based materials should be used for hinges and panels since the presence of any other metallic components except the Au SRRs can lead to a distorted response with multiple anisotropic resonant peaks. , The Au SRRs are the only metallic resonant structures present, and the remainder of the polymer-based cube and hinges are transparent to the THz waves. The 2D structure before folding consists of six SU-8 panels with X-shaped symmetric Au resonators and SPR 220 hinges on top of the panels (Figure c).…”

Section: Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Three-Dimensionally Coupled THz Octagrams as Isotropic Metamaterials

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Split-ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterials have been studied for the development of highly sensitive, small-sized, low-power chemical and biomolecular sensors. However, the anisotropic behavior arising from their two-dimensional (2D) structure presents substantial challenges leading to ambiguity in their transmission spectra. In this paper, we present the design of a three-dimensional (3D) isotropic octagram split-ring resonator (OSRR) demonstrating a three-dimensionally coupled resonance behavior that overcomes the anisotropic response of conventional 2D SRRs, leading to a strong, distortion-free, and polarization-invariant transmission response. The OSRR undergoes 3D coupling through the splits at the corners of the 3D structure (cube), which remains invariant under any polarization along the coordinate axes. The strong coupling between resonant segments provides the OSRR with 25 times higher sensitivity than the corresponding 2D structure, allowing the resonant frequency to be reliably monitored for small changes in concentration of a targeted substance. The isotropic frequency response of the 3D OSRR, without ambiguity in the amplitude caused by the polarization dependence, also allows monitoring the amplitude for minute changes in concentration that are too small to cause any shift in resonant frequency. Thus, the detection range for the presented 3D OSRR stretches from large to minute variations of targeted substance.

show abstract

Section: Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensionally Coupled THz Octagrams as Isotropic Metamaterials

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, it is necessary to rapidly reset the device with an initial value once conditions permit [24], [25]. The measurement methods used in accelerometer-based inclinometers utilize piezoresistive [8], [10], [28], fiber optical [29]- [32], capacitive [8], [21], [23], [33], [34], resonant [35]- [38], and thermal properties [39]. Although most of the inclinometers that utilize these methods are significantly affected by external factors, such as temperature, in measuring values [25]- [27], the capacitive-type inclinometers are relatively less affected by changes in temperature than the piezoresistive-type inclinometers [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing-Assisted Soft Capacitive Inclinometers for Simultaneous Monitoring of Tilt Angles and Directions

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study presents capacitive-type inclinometers composed of flexible polymer pillars and dome-shaped roof frames that were manufactured using the three-dimensional (3D) printing method. Polylactic acid (PLA) filaments and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filaments were printed by the fused deposition modeling type 3D printer to fabricate the dome-shaped roof frames and the polymer curing molds, respectively. The operating principle of the inclinometer was to detect the change in capacitance between the helix-shaped electrode coiled around the polymer pillar and the built-in electrode in the roof frame. When the inclinometer was tilted, the polymer pillar was bent, and the physical distance between each electrode was changed with respect to the tilt angle and direction. Therefore, the tilt angles and directions were simultaneously estimated by distinguishing the capacitance and peak capacitance, respectively. The results of the experiments revealed that the inclinometer using the polymer pillar that was electrically connected to a standard weight and the roof frame with a roof angle of 45 • exhibited a higher sensitivity (1.391 pF at a tilt angle of 40 • ) compared to those using roof angles of 90 • and 135 • . This study supports the use of 3D printing technology for the facile manufacturing of inclinometers that can detect tilt angles and directions simultaneously, which is not achievable with conventional inclinometers.INDEX TERMS 3D printing, inclinometer, capacitive, polymer, rapid prototyping.

show abstract

“…Because of these advantages, thermal reflow of polymers has been utilized for building diverse microstructures such as spherical or cylindrical optical lenses, − optical ring resonators, and fluidic channels . However, there is a substantial challenge in precisely controlling the extent of polymer reflow and achieving localized reflow, especially at the nanoscale, using currently available heat sources such as hot plates, − ,, microwaves, and hot liquid baths, which supply thermal energy to the entire substrate (sample). Since the mass and volume of the substrate are usually much greater than that of the polymer-based nanostructure, the thermal energy stored in the substrate is much higher than the energy required for triggering nanoscale polymer reflow.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-Induced Localized Nanoscale Polymer Reflow for Three-Dimensional Self-Assembly

2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermal reflow of polymers is a well-established phenomenon that has been used in various microfabrication processes. However, present techniques have critical limitations in controlling the various attributes of polymer reflow, such as the position and extent of reflow, especially at the nanoscale. These challenges primarily result from the reflow heat source supplying heat energy to the entire substrate rather than a specific area. In this work, a focused ion beam (FIB) microscope is used to achieve controllable localized heat generation, leading to precise control over the nanoscale polymer reflow. Through the use of the patterning capability of FIB microscopy, dramatically different reflow performances within nanoscale distances of each other are demonstrated in both discrete periodic and continuous polymer structures. Further, we utilize a self-assembly process induced by nanoscale polymer reflow to realize 3D optical devices, specifically, vertically aligned nanoresonators and graphene-based nanocubes. HFSS and Comsol simulations have been carried out to analyze the advantages of the polymer-based 3D metamaterials as opposed to those fabricated with a metallic hinge. The simulation results clearly demonstrate that the polymer hinges have a dual advantage; first, the removal of any interference from the transmission spectrum leading to strong and distinct resonance peaks and, second, the elimination of parasitic leeching of the enhanced field by the metallic hinge resulting in stronger volumetric enhancement. Thus, the 2-fold advantages existing in 3D polymer-hinge optical metamaterials can open pathways for applications in 3D optoelectronic devices and sensors, vibrational molecular spectroscopy, and other nanoscale 3D plasmonic devices.

show abstract

Three-Dimensional Anisotropic Metamaterials as Triaxial Optical Inclinometers

Cited by 12 publications

References 64 publications

Three-Dimensionally Coupled THz Octagrams as Isotropic Metamaterials

Three-Dimensionally Coupled THz Octagrams as Isotropic Metamaterials

3D Printing-Assisted Soft Capacitive Inclinometers for Simultaneous Monitoring of Tilt Angles and Directions

Ion-Induced Localized Nanoscale Polymer Reflow for Three-Dimensional Self-Assembly

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About