Three-Dimensionally Coupled THz Octagrams as Isotropic Metamaterials

Agarwal, Kriti; Liu, Chao; Joung, Daeha; Park, Hyeong Ryeol; Jeong, Jeeyoon; Kim, Dai Sik; Cho, Jeong-Hyun

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00617

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Polyhedral geometries are one such family of structures with demonstrated applications as small scale containers for chemical delivery, sensors, metamaterials, 3D graphene‐based devices, and microfluidic systems. [55–59] Motivated by the hierarchical assembly of small‐scale biological materials, origami‐like self‐folding protocols have been developed where planar sheets with localized hinges undergo stimuli‐responsive bending to transform into polyhedra with multiple faces. In this article, we show the possibility of realizing polyhedral shapes from Kirigami‐cut bilayers that do not require spatially patterned hinges for their shape morphing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kirigami‐Inspired Self‐Assembly of 3D Structures

Abdullah

Rogers

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Self‐assembly of 3D structures presents an attractive and scalable route to realize reconfigurable and functionally capable mesoscale devices without human intervention. A common approach for achieving this is to utilize stimuli‐responsive folding of hinged structures, which requires the integration of different materials and/or geometric arrangements along the hinges. It is demonstrated that the inclusion of Kirigami cuts in planar, hingeless bilayer thin sheets can be used to produce complex 3D shapes in an on‐demand manner. Nonlinear finite element models are developed to elucidate the mechanics of shape morphing in bilayer thin sheets and verify the predictions through swelling experiments of planar, millimeter‐scaled PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) bilayers in organic solvents. Building upon the mechanistic understandings, The transformation of Kirigami‐cut simple bilayers into 3D shapes such as letters from the Roman alphabet (to make “ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS”) and open/closed polyhedral architectures is experimentally demonstrated. A possible application of the bilayers as tether‐less optical metamaterials with dynamically tunable light transmission and reflection behaviors is also shown. As the proposed mechanistic design principles could be applied to a variety of materials, this research broadly contributes toward the development of smart, tetherless, and reconfigurable multifunctional systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kirigami‐Inspired Self‐Assembly of 3D Structures

Abdullah

Rogers

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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“…The 3D inductor was about 0.1 mm 2 and the quality factor of the self‐folded inductor increased by ≈2.5 times as compared to the flat inductor at 1 GHz. Capillary self‐folding with multiple panels can also be used to assemble electromagnetic devices and antennas that are omnidirectional and enable sensing or detection with angular information . For example, by patterning functional sensing elements on all faces of a cube, it was possible to sense chemicals deposited at multiple angles .…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Folding Using Capillary Forces

Kwok

Huang

Mastrangeli

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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Self‐folding broadly refers to the assembly of 3D structures by bending, curving, and folding without the need for manual or mechanized intervention. Self‐folding is scientifically interesting because self‐folded structures, from plant leaves to gut villi to cerebral gyri, abound in nature. From an engineering perspective, self‐folding of sub‐millimeter‐sized structures addresses major hurdles in nano‐ and micro‐manufacturing. This review focuses on self‐folding using surface tension or capillary forces derived from the minimization of liquid interfacial area. Due to favorable downscaling with length, at small scales capillary forces become extremely large relative to forces that scale with volume, such as gravity or inertia, and to forces that scale with area, such as elasticity. The major demonstrated classes of capillary force assisted self‐folding are discussed. These classes include the use of rigid or soft and micro‐ or nano‐patterned precursors that are assembled using a variety of liquids such as water, molten polymers, and liquid metals. The authors outline the underlying physics and highlight important design considerations that maximize rigidity, strength, and yield of the assembled structures. They also discuss applications of capillary self‐folding structures in engineering and medicine. Finally, the authors conclude by summarizing standing challenges and describing future trends.

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“…A new design revolving around the use of 3D splits on a 3D cube ( Figure a) introduced fully isotropic 3D octagram SRRs (OSRRs) . Unlike previous designs, the OSRR segments on individual faces were strongly coupled together by 3D splits at the corners of the cube, making the OSRR an example of a completely 3D resonator.…”

Section: Man‐made 3d Sensors At Nano/microscalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Inset) Graph showing the shift in resonance per unit volume (δf r ) of targeted molecules (as a function of the permittivity due to the molecules) for the 3D coupled OSRR when compared to the 2D coupled symmetric X‐shaped SRR showing a higher sensitivity obtained using the 3D structure. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.…”

Section: Man‐made 3d Sensors At Nano/microscalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3D cubic sensor offers an extensive potential for a wide range of engineering applications such as biosensing and metamaterials. Furthermore, the cubic configuration can be leveraged for engineering novel optical phenomenon such as volumetric field enhancement in 3D graphene cubes, fully anisotropic, and fully isotropic split‐ring resonators, for position or biomolecule detection, respectively. This Review also discusses the 3D sensing systems in nature in the hope that they might provide clues for further development of nano/microscale 3D sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small‐Scale Biological and Artificial Multidimensional Sensors for 3D Sensing

Agarwal

Hwang

Bartnik

et al. 2018

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A vast majority of existing sub-millimeter-scale sensors have a planar, 2D geometry as a result of conventional top-down lithographic procedures. However, 2D sensors often suffer from restricted sensing capability, allowing only partial measurements of 3D quantities. Here, nano/microscale sensors with different geometric (1D, 2D, and 3D) configurations are reviewed to introduce their advantages and limitations when sensing changes in quantities in 3D space. This Review categorizes sensors based on their geometric configuration and sensing capabilities. Among the sensors reviewed here, the 3D configuration sensors defined on polyhedral structures are especially advantageous when sensing spatially distributed 3D quantities. The nano- and microscale vertex configuration forming polyhedral structures enable full 3D spatial sensing due to orthogonally aligned sensing elements. Particularly, the cubic configuration leveraged in 3D sensors offers an array of diverse applications in the field of biosensing for micro-organisms and proteins, optical metamaterials for invisibility cloaking, 3D imaging, and low-power remote sensing of position and angular momentum for use in microbots. Here, various 3D sensors are compared to assess the advantages of their geometry and its impact on sensing mechanisms. 3D biosensors in nature are also explored to provide vital clues for the development of novel 3D sensors.

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Three-Dimensionally Coupled THz Octagrams as Isotropic Metamaterials

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Kirigami‐Inspired Self‐Assembly of 3D Structures

Kirigami‐Inspired Self‐Assembly of 3D Structures

Self‐Folding Using Capillary Forces

Small‐Scale Biological and Artificial Multidimensional Sensors for 3D Sensing

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