Evaluation of bioactivities of methanol and petroleum ether extracts of Cassia renigera seed

Abstract

Background: To investigate in vitro antioxidant, brine shrimp lethality bioassay, antimicrobial, anthelmintic activities and in vivo peripheral analgesic activity of methanol and petroleum ether extracts of Cassia renigera seed. Methods: Phytochemical screening of the crude extracts was carried out. Antioxidant activity was determined using seven different methods. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay and anthelmintic activities were done using nauplii of Artemia salina and adult earthworm (Pheretima posthuma), respectively. The antimicrobial potential was investigated against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria. Acetic acid induced writhing test was performed to evaluate peripheral analgesic activity. Results: Both methanol and petroleum ether extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. While alkaloids, glycosides, and steroids were only found in the methanolic extract. Methanolic extract showed more potent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide scavenging capacity, cupric reducing and reducing power capacity than petroleum ether extract. While petroleum ether extract showed better results in total phenol and total antioxidant activities. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay methanolic and petroleum ether extracts showed the LC 50 value of 74.44 and 121.49 μg/mL, respectively. In overall antimicrobial study methanolic extract showed better activity than petroleum ether extract. Methanolic extract of 50 mg/mL showed maximum anthelmintic activity comparable to the standard (Piperazine Citrate, 10 mg/mL). Both 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg body weight dose of the methanolic extract exhibited significant 39.64% and 58.73% writhing inhibition (< 0.05) in test animals, consecutively. Conclusions: In a nutshell, the results suggested that the seed can be used as a potential source for the aforesaid bioactivities.

A Comparative Study of Diospyros malabarica (Gaub) Extracts in Various Polarity-Dependent Solvents for Evaluation of Phytoconstituents and Biological Activities

“…This discloses itself to the earlier investigations demonstrating that plant extracts have greater ability against gram positive microorganisms than gram-negative [57]. In this overall antimicrobial study, the methanolic extract exhibited strong activity than petroleum ether extract as investigated previously [58]. Methanol showed more reliable and protuberant antibacterial activity as compared to ethanol extracts (Table 5).…”

Antioxidant mediated protective effect of Bridelia tomentosa leaf extract against carbofuran induced oxidative hepatic toxicity

“…According to the method described by Hossain et al total phenolic content of the extract was determined and expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/ g of the extract [ 19 ]. In a comparable fashion, determination of the total flavonoid content, given as mg of quercetin equivalent (QE)/ g of extract, was accomplished by using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method described by Mondal et al [ 20 ].…”

“…In a comparable fashion, determination of the total flavonoid content, given as mg of quercetin equivalent (QE)/ g of extract, was accomplished by using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method described by Mondal et al [ 20 ]. On the other hand, the total antioxidant capacity of the extract was evaluated following the phosphomolybdenum method described by Hossain et al [ 19 ]. Then, the absorbance of solutions was measured with the aid of a Shimadzu UV PC-1600 spectrophotometer against a blank.…”

The Antioxidant Potential and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Myristica fragrans Seed (Nutmeg) Extract in Diabetic Rats

“…Following that, the obtained extract was concentrated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator apparatus (Rotavapor R-114, Buchi, Flawil, Switzerland). The percentage yield of the extract was 16% (w/w) [11].…”