A Comparative Study of Diospyros malabarica (Gaub) Extracts in Various Polarity-Dependent Solvents for Evaluation of Phytoconstituents and Biological Activities

Abstract

Keeping in mind the ascribed repute of Diospyros malabarica (D. malabarica), this investigation was commenced to assess the effect of diverse solvents on extraction yields, phytochemical components and antioxidant capability, and in vitro biological activities of D. malabarica for pharmaceutically active constituents to combat various infections. To screen phytochemicals both qualitatively (flavonoids, terpenoid, saponins, tannins) and quantitatively like total phenolic and flavonoid contents, Diospyros malabarica parts include the following: root, leaves, bark, stem, ripe, and unripe fruit were sequentially extracted with organic solvents such as petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and water in increasing order of polarity from less polar to more polar solvents. Furthermore, biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory were explored. The results revealed that all the tested solvents displayed a vital role in the extraction yield, the content of phytochemicals, and the studied biological activities. Methanol was found as the best solvent followed by the ethanol for the extraction, representing the highest extraction yield (18.3%), rich diversity of phytochemicals, and the highest total phenolic contents ( 602 ± 0.001 μ g EAG/mg of extract) and total flavonoid contents ( 455 ± 0.6 μ g EQ/mg of extract) in bark extract. Furthermore, methanol bark extract showed high in vitro antibacterial activity ( 30.25 mm ± 0.9 ), antifungal activity ( 18.25 mm ± 0.2 ), anticancer activity (48%), antidiabetic activity (68%) and anti-inflammatory activity (62%) followed by ethanol amongst other extracts of D. malabarica. Accordingly, methanol might be as an ideal solvent to get maximum content of phytochemicals, promising antioxidants, and in vitro biological activities from bark extract amongst other extracts of D. malabarica compared to pet ether, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane and may act as free radical rummager because phytochemical constituents exhibit antioxidant capability. Our findings suggest that phytochemical compounds (flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, and terpenoids) found in the bark extract of D. malabarica may be attributed to evaluate potent anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.

Identification of Phytochemicals in Bioactive Extracts of Acacia saligna Growing in Australia

“…This approach allowed compounds of similar polarity and structure to be pooled into a fraction, which could also streamline pure compound isolation by isolating fewer compounds in the mixture. The process has been known to improve the mass recovery of each pool of compounds [ 21 , 22 ]. The extracts were assessed for antioxidant activity and inhibition against the yeast α-glucosidase.…”

[Retracted] Biologically Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles Show Considerable Degradation of Reactive Red 81 Dye: An Eco‐Friendly Sustainable Approach

“…It is commonly cultivated in warm regions of the globe, mainly China, Korea, and other Asian countries. D. kaki exhibits a number of medicinal effects, such as powerful radical sequestration and antigen lethality in the seed [ 30 ], anti-inflammatory action in the leaves [ 31 ], anticarcinogenic, antihypertensive [ 32 ], and antidiabetic properties [ 33 ]. The goal of the current study was to develop low-cost, environmentally friendly methods for degrading reactive red 81 dye.…”

Phytochemical Constituents, Anti-Diabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Methanol Extracts of Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel Leaves and Stem Bark

“…The methanol extract of the leaves and stem bark of D. malabarica obtained by maceration have previously shown anti-diabetic activity by inhibiting α-amylase. 15 In addition, in vivo studies on the methanol extract of the leaves and stem bark of D. malabarica have shown a significant hypoglycaemic effect, 16,17 and good antioxidant activity. 10 Based on a review of previous studies, extraction using ultrasoundassisted extraction (UAE) of D. malabarica has not been reported.…”