Evaluation of antimalarial and antioxidant activities of the methanol seed extract of Adenanthera pavonina (Linn) in Plasmodium berghei infected mice

Abstract

Objectives: Malaria and oxidative stress are major health problems in the world in general. The goal of the study is to investigate the antimalarial and antioxidant activities of the methanol seed extract of Adenanthera pavonina linn (ADP) in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Methods: Thirty five mice distributed into seven groups of five animals each were used in this study. Plasmodium berghei, was inoculated into Swiss albino mice intraperitoneally with an innoculum size of 1x107 on day zero (D0). The vehicle (1% DMSO), ADP (100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg dose) or chloroquine (10 mg/kg) were thereafter administered from D0 – D3. At the end of the antimalarial studies, the blood samples from these animals were collected through cardiac puncture for biochemical assay. The effect of the ADP on the biomakers of oxidative stress was determined in infected mice. In addition in vitro antioxidant activities of ADP were assessed using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) based assay. Results: The percentage parasitemia decreased significantly in the parasitized treated group with the crude extract (p < 0.001) compared to the parasitized untreated control group. Also the crude extract, at a dose of 800 mg/kg exerted an antimalarial activity (92.11%) higher than that of chloroquine (88.73%). In the in vitro antioxidant studies, the extract had an IC50> 400 μg/ml which was significantly higher than the standard antioxidant drug, ascorbic acid (IC50 = 1.20 μg/ml). In the case of biochemical and in vivo assay, there was no statistical significant difference (p >0.05) in plasma total protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in all the treated groups compared to the parasite control group but, there was a statistical significant decrease (p < 0.05) in glutathione (GSH) levels at doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg compared to the parasitized untreated control group. Conclusions: Methanol seed extract of Adenanthera pavonina demonstrated a significant antimalarial activity but did not exert any antioxidant effect over the parasitized treated mice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9107 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 44-51

Advances in the research of Adenanthera pavonina: From traditional use to intellectual property

“…The presence of flavonoids in leaves, seeds, and barks of A. pavonina has been implicated in some biological effects of this herb (Zeid et al, 2012;Adedapo et al, 2014;Mujahid et al, 2015). Three flavonoid compounds were elucidated from the methanolic extract of the seeds of this plant: 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxy flavone-3'-O-a-Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-a-L-arabinopyranosyl-1→3)-O-b-D-xylopyranoside (A) along with two known compounds 2,4,7-trihydroxyisoflavone (B) and isovitexin (C) (Appendix A1) (Yadava and Vishwakarma, 2013).…”

“…These results confirm the antidiarrheal potential of the aqueous extract of A. pavonina seeds, justifying its traditional use for diarrhoea. Adedapo et al (2014) studied the different concentration of the methanol seed extract of A. pavonina (100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg, p.o.) in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, with chloroquine as the reference drug.…”

Potential of Red Sandalwood (Adenanthera pavonina L.) as an Antibacterial Agent against Clinical Isolates

“…Adenanthera Several documented phytochemical studies on this plant revealed the presence of secondary metabolites, mainly flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins and sterols [5,10,11]. The chief constituents are flavonoid compounds [12,13]. It is used as an aseptic paste and also used to treat boils and inflammation [12,14].…”

“…It is used as an aseptic paste and also used to treat boils and inflammation [12,14]. Its wood is red in color and extremely hard wood timber is used for building purposes and furniture making [12]. It is also able to fix nitrogen [5,15].…”

“…The chief constituents are flavonoid compounds [12,13]. It is used as an aseptic paste and also used to treat boils and inflammation [12,14]. Its wood is red in color and extremely hard wood timber is used for building purposes and furniture making [12].…”